چکیده:
The breadth of the application of the word justice and our moral judgment regarding whether matters are fair or unfair reveals the necessity of classifying justice on a macro level. One of these macro divisions is the distinction between formal justice and substantive justice. While clarifying the intent of this distinction, this article examines how and to what extent formal and substantive justice indicators affect our moral judgments regarding considering matters and actions in the private and public spheres as fair or unfair.
خلاصه ماشینی:
While clarifying the intent of this distinction, the present article examines the manner and extent of the influence of formal and substantive indicators of justice on our moral judgments concerning whether matters and actions in the private and public spheres are considered fair or unfair.
3. Discussions related to substantive justice and the indicators and elements that shape this aspect of judgment regarding the fairness or unfairness of matters are ranked prior to the criteria and characteristics of formal justice; for example, when we want to see whether property has been distributed fairly among individuals, before paying attention to the formal indicators governing fair distribution, we must first assess: first, who has a right to that property, and second, what is the entitlement and share of each of the right-holders?
If we examine the process governing moral judgment itself regarding the fairness of matters, it becomes clear that we first reach a decision and conclusion regarding the substantive aspect of justice and envision in our minds a perspective of rights, desert, entitlements, and the legitimate and justified claims of a specific individual or individuals (substantive discussions of justice), and then, in the second step, we consider the observance or non-observance of the formal and mold-like issues of justice, namely whether the right of every right-holder has been fulfilled correctly and with accuracy and honesty, or whether the deserts and entitlements of individuals have been considered impartially, or whether injustice has prevailed through bias and discrimination.
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