چکیده:
The present research, with the aim of comparative analysis of religious populism in the Middle East, focuses on the case studies of Iran and Turkey. The problem statement of the article describes the role and effects of the emergence of religious populist movements on the power, legitimacy, and national identity of the two countries. The main objectives include examining the mechanisms of emergence and the consequences of religious populism, and the secondary objectives are: identifying the underlying factors, analyzing the way symbols and slogans are used in social mobilization, comparing political, social, and electoral consequences, and evaluating the effects of religious populism on legitimacy, identity, and internal and external relations. The research method was descriptive-analytical with a comparative approach, conducted by collecting data from library resources and research findings. Findings showed that religious populism in Iran, through the integration of Islamic Revolution concepts and Shia religious symbols, led to increased political participation, legitimization and localization of science in most various sectors, revival of Islamic culture, propagation and growth of Shia Islam, and efforts to pave the way for its emergence; however, at the same time, it created the ground for the emergence of ethnic and religious divides and economic problems due to the entry and confrontation of enemies. In Turkey, too, the reproduction of Ottoman symbols and Sunni Islam under the flag of the Justice and Development Party has strengthened national cohesion but has also created the grounds for limiting the democratic process and the formation of political polarizations. The final results of the research indicate that religious populism, despite its capacity for mass mobilization and the creation of a religious-political identity, if continued without structural reforms, can lead to social crisis, weakening of legitimacy, and an increase in internal and external tensions.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The main objectives include examining the mechanisms of emergence and the consequences of religious populism, and the secondary objectives are: identifying the underlying factors, analyzing the method of using symbols and slogans in social mobilization, comparing political, social, and electoral consequences, and evaluating the effects of religious populism on legitimacy, identity, and internal and external relations.
The findings showed that religious populism in Iran, through the integration of Islamic Revolution concepts and Shia religious symbols, led to increased political participation, legitimization, the indigenization of science in most various sectors, the revival of Islamic culture, the promotion and growth of the Shia religion, and efforts to pave the way for its emergence; however, at the same time, it created the grounds for the emergence of ethnic and religious divides and economic problems due to the entry and confrontation of enemies.
The final results of the research indicate that religious populism, despite its capacity for mass mobilization and the creation of a religious-political identity, if continued without structural reforms, can lead to social crisis, weakening of legitimacy, and an increase in internal and external tensions.
On the other hand, the present research, by focusing on two case studies (Turkey and Iran), attempts to analyze the consequences of religious populism on internal and external relations, electoral actions, and public policy, while identifying its social and political roots.
Research Objectives Main Objective: A comparative analysis of the mechanisms of emergence and the functions of religious populism in the political systems of Turkey and Iran, and an examination of its consequences on power structure, legitimacy, and state-society relations.
(
, 
, 
)
