چکیده:
'Haqiqat-e Muhammadiyya' is a term that plays a central role in the mystical literature of Ibn Arabi. Based on it, the special position of the existential reality of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) has been described as the first manifestation of the Truth (Al-Haqq) and the mediator for the existence of all other creatures. In a sense, he is the one who developed a coherent theorization regarding this term; however, the explanation of the position of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) in existence has a precedent among Sufis before Ibn Arabi, and other Sufi thinkers had also referred to this reality before him. The main question of this research is what vocabulary was used to explain this reality prior to Ibn Arabi, and what their intention was with these words and how they explained them. To this end, we have turned to the views of three Sufi thinkers before Ibn Arabi (Hakim al-Tirmidhi, Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, and Najm al-Din Razi) and used a qualitative descriptive method to analyze the content of their works in this regard. The result is that each of these three thinkers approached this subject with their own specific method and approach, using keywords such as Prophethood of the Great Spirit, Muhammadan Light, Muhammadan Spirit, and Muhammadan Existence; although the explanations among them are sometimes different. All three spoke similarly about the divine and human status of the Holy Messenger (PBUH) and used similar narrations for citation. Furthermore, we encounter a type of semantic and explanatory evolution in this matter that has progressed as it approached the era of Ibn Arabi, and it seems to have influenced Ibn Arabi's thoughts and brought them to perfection.
خلاصه ماشینی:
To this end, we have turned to the views of three Sufi thinkers before Ibn Arabi (Hakim al-Tirmidhi, Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, and Najm al-Din Razi) and have analyzed the content of their works in this regard using a qualitative descriptive method.
The reasons for selecting these three individuals—namely Hakim al-Tirmidhi, Ayn al-Quzat Hamadani, and Najm al-Din al-Razi—are as follows: First, these three figures belong to different centuries and are separated from one another, covering the period from the third to the seventh century with a two-century interval between them, which better facilitates the analysis of the evolutionary course of this subject over time; second, the approaches of these three individuals to the aforementioned discussion, given their intellectual systems, are diverse and different despite certain similarities, covering everything from philosophical to mystical and hadith-based thought; this matter makes the analysis of the discussion more precise based on the intellectual atmosphere of each era and the personal and scientific characteristics that influenced their words on this subject; and thirdly, these three individuals were influential writing and theorizing Sufis for their successors, whose thoughts are worthy of attention and scrutiny in our research discussion.
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