چکیده:
In facing the problem of evil, various theoretical and practical approaches have been adopted by different individuals and groups outside of the scope of Islamic thinkers. Many of these approaches have defects since they lack the idea of justice as the center of gravity of the universe to justify problem of evil and dispel or answer some of them. The basic problem of this article is that "by rereading the legacy of Islamic thinkers, what doctrine can be found in facing the problem of evil that will be the axis of unity and comprehensiveness of their views?"; Also, "what dimensions and levels does the mentioned common axis include and how is it better than the opposing viewpoints?" Theses are other issues that are followed in this article. It has been demonstrated that justice is the focal response of Islamic thinkers to the quesions. Also different levels of it in the total realm of Islamic theology were explained. From a theoretical point of view, the just system of creation, legislation and punishment issued by the Most High is derived from His just knowlegable image and is in accordance with it, and also in distinguishing true good and evil, the justice of human insight has an important role. In practical confrontation with evil and establishing a just social system, human moral and behavioral justice is a factor that plays a significant role.
خلاصه ماشینی:
This Reason and Religion, Year 14, No. 27 (Autumn and Winter 2022/2023) 54 ▪ Dimensions of the centrality of justice in the Islamic confrontation with the problem of evil two states are placed in two poles of excess and deficiency, and every excess and deficiency is considered injustice and a departure from justice; therefore, it becomes necessary that laws governing human behavior be established, which originate from the comprehensive divine knowledge of human capabilities and do not intend anything for servants except good; second, the implementation of any laws in practice by humans entails its own consequences, so relying solely on laws based on the limited knowledge and wisdom of humans and their lack of true comprehensiveness cannot guarantee the balance of the human system and the realization of maximum goods; therefore, it is appropriate that laws originating from absolute divine wisdom, which guarantee the greatest good and individual and social happiness, be issued and human systems be organized based on them.
3-3-Divine Justice in the Realm of Punishment and Reward With the proof of retributive justice, which is another realm of divine justice, first, as previously mentioned, some unpleasant matters occur as educational punishments for sinful believers or the extermination punishment of disbelievers, which is necessary for the balance of the world system, and second, the fact that human life is not limited to the worldly realm and the depiction of the final destiny in the form of education Reason and Religion, Year 14, No. 27 (Autumn and Winter 2022/2023) Sadegh Khoshkhu ▪ 55 The hereafter is also, in the teachings of Islam, a way for the correct and meaningful justification of many worldly calamities and harms.
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