چکیده:
Calligraphy, as a common cultural heritage among Islamic countries and generally in Islamic civilization, is highly regarded. From the dawn of Islam until now, many Muslims have devoted themselves to calligraphy and have always brought about developments towards the dynamism and evolution of this art. The attention to calligraphy reached its peak during the Ottoman period, and this art gained a special position among Islamic arts. Thuluth and Muhaqqaq scripts are recognized as two of the six scripts, and both are used in writing Quranic verses. Thuluth and Muhaqqaq scripts are to a large extent visually and structurally similar and both are derived from each other, but the similarities and differences between these two scripts have not been fully examined. In this study, the aim is to find the commonalities and differences in the writing style, and visual and structural aspects of letters and words in these two scripts, to determine the most readable and practical script for writing the Quran. This article seeks to answer the question of what characteristics Thuluth and Muhaqqaq scripts have in terms of visual and structural aspects of writing, what similarities and differences exist between these two scripts, and which one is more suitable for writing Quranic verses. The research method is descriptive-analytical, and the information was collected using library research and referring to written sources. The results show that the visual and writing structure of the Muhaqqaq script is very simple, clear, and fluent, and it does not have complex combinations. Due to the shape and form of the letters, the script has a high readability. In addition, each letter in this script has its specific form, and no letter is mistaken for others. Therefore, the Muhaqqaq script is considered the most suitable and practical script for writing the Quran, while the Thuluth script is more suitable for writing decorative lines and headings of Quranic surahs due to its visual beauty and ornamentation.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Therefore, the main goal of conducting this research is the visual study of the form and structural shape of letters and words, as well as the signs and symbols used in these scripts, and comparing the formal structure and investigating the differences and similarities 38 Interdisciplinary Studies of Art and Human Sciences, Year Two, Number Sixteen, March 2024 between the two scripts, Thuluth and Muhaqqaq, so that on one hand, students and manuscript researchers can distinguish and identify these two scripts from each other using the provided indicators, and on the other hand, the degree of application and efficiency of these scripts in manuscripts and texts can be determined.
Based on this, the present research seeks to find an answer to this question: what are the characteristics of the writing style of Thuluth and Muhaqqaq scripts in terms of visual and formal structure, and given that these scripts are derived from one another, what similarities and differences exist between them, and which one is more suitable and has a greater application for writing Quranic verses?
To this end, first, Thuluth and Muhaqqaq scripts are introduced in the Islamic world and the Ottoman period, and subsequently, the visual structure and the written form and shape of letters and words in these scripts are addressed, and finally, the visual and formal characteristics of these scripts are compared and analyzed.
Kavousi and Mirza Abolghasemi (2008) also, in a book titled "Commemorative Inscriptions of Fars: Buildings of the Seventh to Tenth Centuries AH," Comparison of the formal structure and application of Muhaqqaq and Thuluth scripts in writing the Holy Quran during the Ottoman period 39 have introduced inscriptions using Quranic scripts.
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