چکیده:
Persian classical literature is enriched with poetic and prosaic works that have flourished through the manifestation of unique structures, shaped by the profound musings of their brilliant authors. As the starting point of the structures in literary works, prefaces also have a special structure. Utilizing the historical documentary research method, this study seeks to unveil the fundamental structure that shapes the prefaces of five distinct types of works: narrative, didactic, moral, mystical, and historic. With a descriptive and analytical approach, the research seeks to extract a generalized structure, providing valuable insights into the topic. Most, if not all, of the prefaces to Persian literature are worthy of attention. The research conducted has revealed a consistent and systematic structure comprising 9 parts in the prefaces of the works under study. These parts follow a consistent pattern, with variations reflecting the authors' mental states, social and political circumstances, and other factors. As a result, certain aspects of these structures may either expand or be constrained depending on these influencing factors. But, in general, these 9 parts have been maintained. The extracted structure can be summarized in the macrostructure of three structures “other, self, other”. In the prefaces examined, we can observe a high level of informative content that showcases the authors' impressive abilities. With utmost dedication and remarkable precision, these prefaces demonstrate a conscious or perhaps even unconscious loyalty to their intended structure.
خلاصه ماشینی:
It seems the reason for this, in addition to the author's tendency toward seclusion and avoidance of society in the last fifteen years of his life, stems from a desire to compose a moral work that, in light of not being limited to Structural analysis of the prefaces of ancient prose texts in five selected Persian texts 97 meaning God knows the wisdom (1395: 184/1) and considers its worldly benefits to be the audience's awareness of the power of the Mongol army and its affirmation by fate and destiny (ibid: 189).
Because he considers the religious benefits of Tarikh-i Jahangushay to be the fair-minded and "pure-natured" experts discovering the primary cause of the world's events, Structural analysis of the prefaces of ancient prose texts in five selected Persian texts 95 Furthermore, the general information that the author of Gulistan provides regarding this motivational factor, in which he only refers to the antiquity of this friendship (Saadi, 1394: 53), could be another sign of its non-existence in reality; because the name, identity, and social or political status of this person are not specified, and he is merely referred to as "one of the friends" (ibid.
In this regard, the prefaces of writers who have translated the texts of predecessors or provided a re-editing of them, consider the purpose of this approach to be the prevention of the destruction of the translated text or 94 Journal of Persian Prose Studies, Volume 26, Number 54, Autumn and Winter 1402 a) A category that holds a lower position relative to the author; this group is mostly seen in mystical or educational-moral prefaces, where disciples or the general public request the composition of an instructional work; such as Kimiya-yi Sa'adat, Asrar al-Tawhid, and Kashf al-Mahjub.
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