چکیده:
There are two common approaches in the research of Shahnameh. The first group of studies scrutinize one unique story of Shahnameh, while the other one emphasizes on the coherence of all the stories. In this research the Iranian national epic is interpreted using structuralism. It suggests that Iranian national epic is not a set of scattered stories, but basically it has an Indio-European style. To that end, present study embeds on two theoretical foundations: first, according to George Dumézil’s theory, Indo-European universe has a class system. Secondly, according to Bahman Sarkarati, Iranian national epic is classified into three eras based on limited age of the universe and a confrontation between the celestial and the evil powers. In the first era, celestial order became a class system with the rise of Hooshang, Tahmoores, and Jamshid dynasties; respectively, which agrees with George Dumézil’s theory of three functional groups. In the second era, an evil period is manifested through the destruction of the class system.
خلاصه ماشینی:
311-335 The Structure of Iran's National Epic Based on Georges Dumézil's Theory Saman Ghasemi Firouzabadi * PhD in Persian Language and Literature, Assistant Professor of the Iranology Department, Faculty of Humanities, Meybod University, Iran Date Received: 2022/07/16 Date Accepted: 2022/11/20 Abstract In Shahnameh studies, there are two major approaches.
This study shows that in the first period, the Ahuric order manifests in the form of a tripartite system, according to which the three functional groups mentioned in Dumézil's thought are formed, respectively, under the reigns of Hushang, Tahmuras, and Jamshid; and in the second period, the whim of Ahriman is manifested through the disruption of the tripartite system.
The hypothesis of this research is that the manifestation of order and disorder in the first and second millennia is explainable based on the three functions that Georges Dumézil outlines as the foundation of Indo-European mythology.
Nasiri and Nasr Isfahani (1394: 101-117) in the article "The Manifestation of the Conflict of the Three Aryan Gods in the Epic of Berzunama" consider Kay Khosrow, Rostam, and Barzu as the epic manifestations of Ahura Mazda, Mithra, and Anahita, the gods of the first, second, and third functions in Iranian thought, which together form the three sides of the pyramid of power.
King's Name, Attribute, Function Hushang, Pish-dad, Sovereignty and Priestcraft Tahmuras, Div-band – Zinavand, Warfare and Power Jamshid, Possessor of good herds and livestock - Beautiful, Fertility and Wealth 1-2- Prayers of these three kings: We also see a high level of order in the prayers of these three kings: Hushang Pish-dad offers sacrifice to the deities Anahita, Dravašp, Vayu, and Arta, and desires to become the greatest sovereign over all lands and to scatter the daevas (Yashts, 1377: 1/ 244-245, 1/ 377, 2: 146-147, 2/ 192-193).
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