چکیده:
The concept of ‘time’ is one of the most important and fundamental concepts in human mind and life, which according to the findings of cognitive linguists, is mainly understood and expressed metaphorically in different languages and cultures. The present paper examines the conceptual metaphors of time in Persian and its purpose is to provide a systematic model of the types of conceptual metaphors that Persian speakers use to understand and express the concept of ‘time’. The study is based on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (Lakoff and Johnson, 1980, 1999; Lakoff, 1993) and the theory of image schemas (Johnson, 1987) and its data are mainly extracted from the Hamshahri Corpus (second version) supplemented with data from Internet Google search. The results show that in Persian, the concept of ‘time’ is understood and expressed based on three image schemas of ‘movement’, ‘container’ and ‘object’, and through the conceptual metaphors ‘time is space’, ‘time is an (moving or stationary) object’, ‘time is human’, and ‘time is a container’.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Metaphorical Schema of Time in the Persian Language: A Corpus-Based Study * Zeynab Nouri Belqis Rovshan **, Arsalan Golfam *** Abstract The concept of "time" is one of the most important and fundamental concepts in the human mind and life which, according to the findings of cognitive linguists, is often understood and expressed metaphorically in different languages and cultures.
The results of the research show that in the Persian language, the concept of time is understood and expressed based on three image schemas: motion, container, and object, through the conceptual metaphors "time is space", "time is an object (moving or stationary)", "time is a human", and "time is a container".
In line with this research line, the present study is conducted to examine the conceptual metaphors of time in the Persian language, and its aim is to provide a systematic schema of the types of conceptual metaphors that Persian speakers use to understand and express the concept of time.
2. Literature Review Extensive studies have been conducted regarding time metaphors in different languages of the world, among which one can mention: Lakoff and Johnson (1999) and Gentner (2001) in English; Yu (1999, 2012) in Chinese; Schmidt and Omazic (2011) in Croatian and English; Shinohara (1999) in Japanese; Ozcaliskan (2002) in Turkish; and Sweetser & Nuñez (2006) in Aymara.
4. Data Analysis An examination of the corpus data of the research indicates that Persian speakers use various conceptual metaphors to understand and express the concept of time, which are mostly based on conceptual 1 schemas.
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