چکیده:
Following the rule of Muslim Arabs in Iran and some political, social and cultural developments resulting from this historical event, many uprisings of various natures took place in this land, which reached its peak in the second century AH. During these uprisings, which began almost with the Abbasid caliphate, it shook the foundations of Abbasid power for almost a century. Thus, this study seeks to answer the question of what social status the leaders of these uprising had in the Iranian society in the first centuries, who found great success in attracting followers and accompanying various members of society. However, many of these uprisings have been studied by historians from various political, religious, military, and economic perspectives; But the social standing of these leaders, who played a central role in the uprisings, has received little attention, or some have introduced them from the masses without a critical approach to what Islamic historians have written about the lineage and family of these leaders. While in this research, it has been tried to deal with the background of the leaders of these protests by using ancient historical sources and with a critical approach to the sources and in a descriptive and analytical manner. The findings of this research, based on a careful reading of historical texts, show that, contrary to popular belief, most of the leaders of these popular uprisings against Arab rule in Iran had aristocratic backgrounds and were often rooted in former Iranian families and agents.
خلاصه ماشینی:
For instance, in Gholamhossein Sedighi's book titled "Pre-Islamic Iranian Movements in the Second and Third Centuries AH"; Patricia Cron's book in English titled "Native Prophets of Early Islamic Iran: Rural Uprising and Local Zoroastrianism" and her other book titled "Muqanna and the Sepidjamgan"; Mohammad Nabi Ghazanfari's thesis at Isfahan University titled "The Religious Nature and Social Composition of Iranian Movements in the Early Islamic Centuries"; Omar Farrukh's article titled "The Nature of Iranian Movements during the Early Abbasid Caliphate Period"; Masoud Safari's article titled "Revisiting the Movements and Uprisings of Bahram, Sanbad, Ishaq, Ostad Sis, and Muqanna in Greater Khorasan"; the joint article by Esmail Hasanzadeh, Katayoun Mazdapur, and Zohreh Nouri titled "The Manifestation of Mythical Time and Space in Iranian Movements of the First Three Hijri Centuries"; the joint article by Hossein Pourahmadi and Keyvan Karimi titled "A Comparative Sociological Study of the Religions of Karl Marx and Max Weber with an Emphasis on the Babak Khorramdin Movement"; the book "Babak's Movement" written by Allahyar Khalatbari and Abbas Zare'i; the joint article by Mohammad Azgh, Fereydoon Elhyari, and Ali Akbar Kajbaf titled "Sociological Explanation of the Causes of Social Classes Joining Babak Khorramdin's Rebellion against the Abbasids"; researchers have generally or specifically addressed the study and analysis of the nature, causes of emergence, goals, ideology, and similarities of these uprisings, and even provided models of the presence of temporal and spatial dimensions of Iranian myths in such protest movements; however, the social status of these leaders, who played a pivotal role in these uprisings, has not received much of their attention.
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