چکیده:
AbstractThis article seeks to examine the role of intelligence agencies in state-craft. The authors define state-craft as an intrinsic act of the government and considers the philosophy of existence of intelligence institutions as playing a role in state-craft and believe that intelligence organizations have four cognitive, supervisory, safeguarding and executive roles in order to run an efficient state-craft. This paper considers the relationship between intelligence activity and governance as a developmental relationship and believes that intelligence activity is a requirement of governance and governance is not possible without intelligence activity. The author presents three historical theoretical approaches to information, including "information as the discovery of secrets", "information as the interpretation of secrets" and "information as a tool for creating the environment" regarding the role of information in governance.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The characteristics of the modern operational environment of intelligence agencies in this period are as follows: • Uncertainty and ambiguity in the national security environment • Clandestine nature of actors and concealment of intentions and goals • Inability of media and public actors to recognize the secrets of actors 140 Strategic Studies Quarterly, No. 95, Spring 2022 • Decreased ability of state actors to manage news and knowledge flows • Increase in overt sources due to the development of academic research, news agencies, and audio-visual media • Increased role of media, universities, and think tanks in analyzing and evaluating the environment • Competition of other knowledge-producing actors with intelligence institutions in environmental analysis • Policy-making based on explanatory and interpretive knowledge • Understanding and perception of the environment as a factor of power These characteristics were fully intensified from the early 1990s with the rapid expansion of satellite television and in its late stages with the emergence of the global internet network; with the very rapid development of the internet and the emergence of cyberspace, they led to a sudden fundamental change in the operational environment of intelligence agencies and the national security environment.
(
, 
, 
)
