چکیده:
The nature and legal effects of the maritime bill of lading in the 1978 United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea, commonly known as the "Hamburg Convention," were previously reviewed in issue number fifteen of this journal. Based on the rules of part four of this convention, the preparation and issuance of a "maritime bill of lading" have specific conditions and specifications that, depending on the case, enjoy special executive guarantees; the omission or inaccuracy of certain characteristics in the bill of lading will result in the civil liability of the parties or the deprivation of potential beneficiaries of the rights provided in the convention or the consequences resulting from said conditions. This essay aims to examine the contents and general conditions of the maritime bill of lading based on this convention.
خلاصه ماشینی:
2- Contents of the Maritime Bill of Lading In order for the bill of lading to become the source of creating rights and obligations for the parties and to be capable of being used as evidence, certain points must be observed in its preparation; Article 15 of the Hamburg Convention addresses the description of the contents of the maritime bill of lading, which includes the following items: 1-2- General and apparent quality of the goods According to paragraph 5 of Article 1 of the Convention, in principle, any goods, even live animals, can be the subject of a transport contract.
Paragraphs 1 and 2 of Article 13 of the Convention obligate the sender of the goods to mark and attach labels to the 60 New Series, Year Six, Number Fifteen, Spring 1400 Examination of General Conditions and Contents of the Maritime Bill of Lading in the 1978 Hamburg Convention dangerous and also inform the carrier of this matter.
Also, according to paragraph "c" of Article 14 62 New Series, Year Six, Number Fifteen, Spring 1400 Examination of General Conditions and Contents of Maritime Bill of Lading in the 1978 Hamburg Convention According to the Uniform Customs and Practice for Documentary Credits (UCP) of the International Chamber of Commerce, the beneficiary of documentary credits has a maximum of 21 days after the date of issuance of the bill of lading to present the documents to the negotiating bank; otherwise, the bank will refrain from accepting the transport documents.
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