چکیده:
The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of patriarchal and gender systems on womenchr('39')s demands in different cultures. The question is whether the mechanism of these systems works in the same way in different societies and leads to the same results? What are the commonalities or differences between womenchr('39')s demands for civil and political equality with men in different cultures? In this regard, based on a broad reading of the feminist theory, according to Bourdieuchrchr('39')s theory of male domination and within the requirements of comparative literature, the writings of two women writers from two cultures, Iranian (Alamataj Ghaem Maqami) and French (Constance de Salm), were selected. A thematic study of their works and ideas in two societies in transition (Constitutional Revolution in Iran and the French Revolution of 1789) shows that male domination, regardless of other cultural characteristics, leads to the same demands to eliminate discrimination against women in the family, education as well as politics.
خلاصه ماشینی:
To this end, relying on an expanded reading of feminist theory, considering Bourdieu's theory of male dominance, and within the framework of comparative literature requirements, the writings of two female authors from two different cultures—Iranian (Alem تاج Ghaem Maghami) and French (Constance de Salm)—were selected.
A thematic study of their works and thoughts in two transitional societies (the Constitutional Revolution in Iran and the 1789 Revolution in France), using a descriptive-analytical method and relying on library documentary tools, indicates that male dominance, regardless of cultural differences and political and geographical origins, has shaped common demands aimed at eliminating discrimination against women in the family, the educational system, and also politics.
In the process of the historical transformation of societies, the representation of sexual and gender discriminations and women's protest against being considered subordinate leads to the formation of similar political and social currents, and its reflection in literature makes the possibility of studying comparative in the form of examining similarities.
Post-structuralist feminist theories have addressed the examination of gynocriticism and situational critique (Najm Iraqi, Salehpour, and Mousavi, 2002), the relationship between women's sexual and gender identity and the essence of their works, and also the point that "female writing leads to the emergence of both closed and interconnected literary texts in different cultures" (Salimikoochee and Shafiee, 2014: 59).
Regarding "the similarity between the actions and demands of Iranian women during the Constitutional period and some demands of women in countries such as France," Baghdar Delgosha (2018: 126) refers to numerous instances; including similar class affiliations, deprivation and social limitations corresponding to the patriarchal structure of societies, efforts toward educational equality, and protests against discrimination in the realm of private rights.
(
, 
, 
)
