چکیده:
From the middle of the fourth century AH, with the rise of the Fatimid caliphate in Egypt and the expansion of their influence in the Levant, how to interact with the Byzantine Empire became a serious issue in the foreign relations of the Fatimid caliphs. Accordingly, the problem of the present study, which is explained by descriptive and analytical methods, is the study of conflicts and interactions between the Fatimid caliphate of Egypt and the Byzantine government in the Levant in the fourth and fifth centuries AH. The results of this study show that the domination on the Levant enabled the Fatimids to prevent the Byzantine government from invading their territory by observing and controlling the maritime borders. At the same time, they could use the issue of jihad to gain political legitimacy and expand their territory. Thus, throughout their years of domination of the Levant, the Fatimids succeeded in countering the expansionist policies of the Byzantine Empire in the Islamic lands in various ways. Hence, the foreign policy strategy of the Fatimids against the Byzantines and in the throughout their caliphate, based on the defense of Islamic lands (jihad) and the establishment of their authority over the Levant, was based on two axes of interaction or conflict.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Accordingly, this research, using a descriptive and analytical method, attempts to answer the question: how were the conflicts and interactions of the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt with the Byzantine state in the Levant region during the 4th and 5th centuries (AH) conducted, and what factors influenced them?
For this reason, the Romans sought to reclaim these regions from the Muslims throughout the period of Islamic rule; the Umayyads, recognizing the danger of the Roman Empire, placed the center of the Caliphate in the Levant and, by adopting an aggressive policy against Byzantium, even besieged its capital, Constantinople, several times.
Accordingly, the study of interactions and conflicts between the Fatimid Caliphate of Egypt and the Byzantine state independently, and specifically in the territory of the Levant, is a subject that has received less attention from researchers.
moved towards the Ghouta of Damascus and in 359 AH, through a fierce battle, succeeded in ending the Abbasid rule while gaining control over the city of Damascus and delivering a sermon (khutbah) in the name of al-Mu'izz (al-Maqrizi, 1416: 1/173); however, due to the people's disobedience to the Fatimid Caliph, the conquering forces were forced into conflict with the people and the looting of their property.
Continuing his conquests, the Byzantine Emperor succeeded in controlling the cities of Beirut and Sidon by moving toward the northern regions; however, due to the cooperation of the Fatimid navy with the people of Tripoli, he failed to conquer this city, issued orders for the Roman army to return to Antioch, and returned to Constantinople himself.
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