چکیده:
Reaching a common and comprehensive definition of what has occurred under the title of nationalism in the land of Iran has always been one of the challenges in this field. Examining the historical course of epicism and analyzing epic texts, which are not devoid of a national character, can help solve this issue. At least three periods of rupture or decline can be observed in the history of Iran, the effects of which have manifested in Iranian epics: Alexander's invasion, the Arab invasion, and the Mongol invasion. The historical epic poems—composed following these defeats and during the settlement of the conquerors—were written, respectively, in an attempt to Persianize Alexander, praise religious figures, and bow before the power of the Mongols and the Ilkhanids. From the juxtaposition of these three categories, it can be understood that nationalism—in its historical sense, not in the modern definition—is related to loyalty to power, separate from territorial, racial, and cultural affiliations. Although, in the beginning, national epics, foremost among them Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, had an unbreakable bond with nationalist and patriotic tendencies, gradually a rupture emerged in this matter in the poems composed in imitation of the Shahnameh, and the national character faded in them. Such that, with a brief look at the historical course of the historical epic poems composed in imitation of Ferdowsi's Shahnameh, one can attribute a central role to them for the conquering king and his royal dynasty, perhaps even a foreign king and an aggressor enemy or, more precisely, for power.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In the Service and Betrayal of Epic Poetry: A Reflection on the Approach of Shahnameh Imitations (In response to three events: Alexander's invasion, the Arab conquest, and the Mongol invasion) Hamed Mehrad 1 Abstract Reaching a common and comprehensive definition of what has occurred under the title of nationalism in the land of Iran has always been one of the challenges in this field.
But what gains double importance in epic studies is the existence of numerous historical poems under the title Iskandarnama, such that "the storytelling of these works clearly and distinctly reveals a collective self-awareness, a self-awareness that has emerged in a directed and meaningful way to consider Alexander Iranian and to set aside the suffering of Iran's defeat by this Macedonian conqueror" (Kheirandish and Ebrahimi, 1392: 56).
The great attention paid to such stories and their epic heroes indicates that "in the eighth century, despite the defeats and misfortunes resulting from the Mongol invasion, Iranian poets found two dreams in one setting; meaning that on one hand, they praised the ideals and capabilities of their ancestors by honoring national heroes and cherished the memories of those greats in their poetry, and on the other hand, by submitting to the masters of power, wealth, and force of their time, they sacrificed epic heroes at their feet, regarding them as insignificant and worthless, thereby revealing the result of historical defeats and the bitterness and misfortunes of a desperate era that represents a crisis of cultural and social identity" (Rastgar Fasaee, 1387: 16).
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