چکیده:
This article has been done with the aim of investigating the relationship between divine justice in the field of creation and punishment and natural evil and for this purpose, theological views and Islamic philosophy about evil have been researched.The results of the two perspectives studied in this research show that the view of Islamic theologians believes that the system of creation is the best system; The primary villain is criminal and non-criminal; The wisdom of non-criminal evil is for the infallible and some of the saints of God to develop and reach higher levels, and the root of criminal evil is human sin; Therefore, there are two groups of people who are afflicted with evil: those who are angered by God, and those who are afflicted by God to punish them in order to prevent them from being afflicted with the ultimate evil. Natural evils such as floods, earthquakes, and disease are among the criminal evils that have their roots in human sins.The results of the view of Islamic philosophers believe that evil is the absence of the queen of good; Relative and transverse evils are not attributed to the divine will in terms of being evil and defects and non-existent aspects, but it is their aspects of perfection and charity that belong to the divine will; Conflict is one of the inherent features of the material world and a necessity of the causal system, and defects and evils have benefits, including providing the ground for human evolution through enduring hardships and calamities and learning from events.Accordingly, coronary heart disease is a natural evil that, according to the first view, includes criminal evil and its roots go back to human sin; Therefore, the punishment and reward of punishment is based on human behavior that God treats human beings according to his justice; But according to the second view, Corona is a relative and transcendental evil that does not belong to the divine will in terms of being evil.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The results of the two perspectives examined in this research show that the view of Islamic theologians holds that the system of creation is the best system (Nizam al-Ahsan); primary evils are punitive and non-punitive; the wisdom behind non-punitive evils for the infallible and some of the friends of God (Awliya Allah) is their perfection and reaching higher degrees, while the root of punitive evils is human sin; therefore, individuals who are afflicted by punitive evil fall into two categories: those who incur the wrath of God, and a group upon whom God sends calamities to discipline them in order to prevent them from being afflicted by ultimate evils.
The results of the perspective of Islamic philosophers hold that evil is the absence of the virtue of good; relative and accidental evils, in terms of being evil, deficiency, and non-existent aspects, are not subjects of the Divine Will, rather it is their aspects of perfection and goodness that are the objects of the Divine Will; contradiction and conflict are inherent characteristics of the material world and a necessity of the causal system, and deficiencies and evils have benefits, including providing the ground for human evolution through enduring hardships and calamities and learning from events.
Since the grounds for oppression are non-existent in God Almighty; God is just in all three areas, and good and evil are also related to theological discussions from three aspects, including monotheism, justice, and Divine wisdom.
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