چکیده:
Given the ethnic and tribal fabric of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province and the low income of families, it appears that the emergence of collective conflict in the province is ranked high. In this regard, the present study examines the impact of economic and cultural poverty on the emergence of collective conflict. The present study was descriptive-survey based, and after confirming face validity and calculating reliability using the Cronbach's alpha test, the data were entered into SPSS software and analyzed using the Chi-square test. The results showed that household income, employment status, level of awareness of legal laws, drug addiction, and ethnocentrism had an impact on the rate of collective conflict emergence in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province (P < 0.05), while age did not have a significant impact on the emergence of collective conflict (P > 0.05). Given the findings of the present study, it seems that by increasing social awareness, educating people's culture of living, and improving people's livelihood conditions, the rate of collective conflict in Kohgiluyeh and Boyer-Ahmad province can be reduced.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Discussion and Conclusion The present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the extent to which smart school principals possess transformational leadership characteristics and innovative behaviors, and the relationship between them.
Another result of the present research was that, in the belief of most teachers, smart school principals benefit from innovative behaviors at a medium level, which is distant from the ideal and expected point.
The final conclusion is completely consistent with the research findings of Mirkamali and Chopani (2011); they also reached this conclusion in their study 1- Baregheh & Etal 2- Howell & Avolio 3- Gardner & Avolio 4- Jung et al, 2003 5- Khan et al, 2009 reached that subsequently, "intellectual stimulation" with a high correlation coefficient holds the largest share in predicting organizational innovative behaviors.
· In this research, although it was found that most school principals benefit from an average level of innovative behaviors, the reality is that this level of leadership for an institution or organization that interacts daily with a vast number of students and faces rapid technological changes in the market that operates in a turbulent competitive market, does not seem desirable; therefore, it is suggested that officials and high-level stakeholders of the educational system provide opportunities for employing transformational leaders with innovative ideas, beliefs, and behaviors, or for enhancing the existing transformational leadership characteristics of current managers.
Bahrangi, Mohammad Reza, Movahedzadeh, Ayub (2011), Development of educational management based on the relationship between instructional transformational leadership of principals and organizational citizenship behavior of teachers, Journal of Education and Training, 27(2): 57-64.
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