چکیده:
the present study compares psychologists' professional Codes of Ethics in Iran, America, Canada, England, and Australia. The study population consisted of all countries with professional Codes of Ethics, of which, America, Canada, Britain, Australia, and Iran were purposively selected due to their progressiveness in the development of professional Codes of Ethics, and their ethical principles and standards were compared. The results obtained showed that with the exception of Iran and America, all codes studied had defined the basic concepts and terminologies after introduction. In addition, they all contained two main sections, namely, general principles and standards. The general principles were almost the same and common in these codes, and included respect for people's dignity, accountability, integrity, no discrimination or injustice, philanthropy, and avoidance of harm. The ethical standards in Iran’s and America's codes appear independently from the general principles. Meanwhile, the standards are presented under relevant ethical principles in the Australian, Canadian, and British codes. Iran's standards of ethical codes almost exactly match those of America's, and the only difference is in the order of presenting standards of "Accountability" and "Storing registered information and fees" and the extent of explanations and details. According to the present study, the following changes can contribute to a greater understanding and practicability of Iran's Code of Ethics: Providing definitions and explanations for specialized terminologies and general principles, adding more details to standards and considering local culture and religion.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Among them, the countries of America, Canada, Britain, Australia, and Iran were purposively selected based on their leadership in preparing professional codes of ethics, and their ethical principles and standards were compared.
These concepts and terms include: client, psychologist (Australia, 2007; Canada, 2015; and Britain, 2009); groups, community, ethical rights (Australia, 2007; Canada, 2015); "related party", "code, conduct", "guideline", "jurisdiction", "legal rights", "member", "multiple relationships", "professional relationship", "psychological services" (Australia, 2007); "society", "contracted subject", group, independent, semi-dependent and fully dependent, individual, organization, others, persons, "designated party", "critical studies", psychology, "sexual harassment" and "unfair discrimination" (Canada, 2015).
Comparison of the general principles of the ethical code for psychologists in the countries of Iran, America, Britain, Australia, and Canada (Refer to page image) psychologists and counselors in all their professional behaviors, always keep them in mind and exert all their efforts to ensure their optimal observance.
The principle of "responsibility" acknowledges that psychologists are aware of their scientific and professional responsibilities to society and the specific communities in which they work (America, 2010) and, valuing responsibility toward clients, the general public, the profession, and psychological science, they avoid and prevent harm, misuse, and abuse toward society (Britain, 2009).
o Given the findings of the present research, in order to make the code more understandable and implementable and to prevent misinterpretation or misuse by individuals, it is necessary to provide precise theoretical and operational definitions for specialized concepts and terms, general principles, and the standards and regulations of professional ethics should be added.
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