چکیده:
Slave and slavery have been one of the most important social phenomena in Iranian history. Iran Qajar era was a slave society, along with a large number of non-Iranian slaves, some of the men and women and children were mostly rural and tribal Iranians who were taken different ways. The present research seeks to answer the question of why many Iranians were slave in Qajar period? The results of the research show that political instability, the weakness of social security and the economic problems (caused by internal and external causes) were the most important causes of the fall of Iranians into slavery. This research is descriptive-analytic, using historical and archival sources, by the library method and the social history approach.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In Qajar era Iran, servants formed a large group of white and black, Iranian and foreign humans who played roles in social, political, economic, and military spheres under the general titles of ghulam, khajeh, and کنیز.
Preliminary studies indicate that political instability, weakness of social security, and economic problems arising from internal and external factors created conditions where one of the consequences was the mass enslavement of Iranian subjects through methods such as taking captives, kidnapping, hostage-taking, presenting as gifts, forced marriage, and the selling of children by poor Iranian families.
The book "Slavery in the Gulf in the First Half of the 20th Century" authored by Jerzy Zdanowski (Zdanowski 2008) is a research that, using the documents of the British Foreign Office, provides clear information regarding the manner of enslavement of Iranians in the Makran and Baluchistan regions and their sale inside and outside of Iran.
3. Methods of providing Iranian slaves Based on the aforementioned reasons, a number of the people of Iran during the Qajar era entered into slavery through ways such as being captured and kidnapped, being sold, being given away, marriage, or being presented for servitude, and they were sold under the titles of غلام (ghulam) and کنیز (kaniz).
3 Turkmens Throughout the Qajar era, vast areas of eastern and northeastern Iran were the stage for the constant raids of the Turkmens, resulting in murder, looting, the destruction of villages, and the capture of a number of Iranian men, women, and children.
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