چکیده:
The discussion of literary schools and their influence on writers of different nations is one of the domains of comparative literature. Examining the concept of determinism, as a core pillar of the Naturalism school in the novel 'Assommoir' by Émile Zola, the founder of the Naturalism school in France, and also in the novel 'The Days Spent by the Elderly' by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, an Iranian naturalist, can provide a suitable ground for comparative study. Investigations show that Zola, based on a deterministic perspective, portrays the characters of Assommoir within the context of hereditary determinism and environmental determinism. Dowlatabadi, under the influence of the philosophy of Naturalistic determinism, considers the fate of the characters in 'The Days Spent by the Elderly', in addition to hereditary and environmental determinism, to be under the control of a third type of determinism, which Dowlatabadi calls the determinism of accident. Thus, it can perhaps be said that Abadi, with this different perspective rooted in the socio-cultural requirements of Iran, portrays a new Naturalism in the fictional literature of his country.
خلاصه ماشینی:
A Comparative Study of the Concept of Determinism in the Works of Emile Zola and Mahmoud Dowlatabadi Mohammad Reza Farsian (Associate Professor, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad) 1 Seyedeh Najmeh Alavi (Master's Student, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad) Abstract The discussion of literary schools and their influence on writers of different nations is one of the domains of comparative literature.
Examining the concept of determinism, which is one of the main pillars of the Naturalism school in the novel "Thérèse Raquin" (Asomvar) by Emile Zola, the founder of the Naturalism school in France, as well as in the novel "The Spent Days of the Elderly" (Ruzgar-e Separishde-ye Mardom-e Salkhordeh) by Mahmoud Dowlatabadi, an Iranian naturalist writer, can provide a suitable ground for a comparative study.
The father's violence during intoxication was not only the cause of Gervaise's congenital disability but also made her fatal downfall inevitable due to excessive alcohol consumption; Gervaise, who no longer had the ability to pay for living expenses, turned to extravagance, sensualism, and alcoholism to compensate for her failures, but this resulted in her not even having money to feed herself, forcing her into prostitution or eating vile things "to make ends meet" (Zola, 1361 A: 459).
In L'Assommoir, alcoholism, as the "main cause of the misery of the working class" (Becker 162), plays a significant role in the destiny of the story's characters, not only through heredity but also through the environment.
In The Passed Days of Old People, too, the compulsion of social, cultural, political, economic, and natural environmental factors deprives the story's characters of the power and will to change their destiny.
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