چکیده:
The present research was conducted with the aim of constructing, stabilizing, and validating a measurement tool for security-oriented leadership. The data collection method was mixed (quantitative-qualitative) of the sequential exploratory design type, which was carried out in three main stages. Qualitative data were collected through the examination of 32 study units using purposive sampling, as well as in-depth interviews with 10 faculty members and educational experts in the fields of educational management and psychology, who were selected purposively using the snowball sampling method. To analyze the information, grounded theory techniques and the Strauss and Corbin coding approach were used, and the data were analyzed using version 12 of the MaxQDA software to identify the dimensions and characteristics of this leadership style. In the quantitative section, the designed questionnaire was implemented in a pilot study on 10 experts in the fields of educational management and psychology, its relative content validity was examined, and based on that, the questionnaire was revised. Then, the final and revised version was provided to 373 employees (administrative staff and teachers) of public schools in Tehran. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by experts, and its reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.988). For testing the aforementioned measurement tool, confirmatory factor analysis was used. By conducting first-order factor analysis, the measurement tool was examined in 3 main dimensions and 16 sub-components. The results of the first-order factor analysis showed a desirable fit of each item with the sub-components. The results of the second-order factor analysis also showed that each of the components had an appropriate factor loading to predict the main dimensions of the security-oriented leadership measurement tool. Finally, higher-order factor analysis indicated a desirable factor loading for each dimension with the measurement tool. The results of the fit indices, (x2/df) equal to 2.59, (RMSEA) equal to 0.065, (GFI) equal to 0.98, (AGFI) equal to 0.96, (CFI) equal to 0.94, (NFI) equal to 0.91, and (RFI) equal to 0.96, showed that the designed measurement tool for security-oriented leadership possessed a very desirable fit.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The results of the second-order factor analysis also showed that each of the components had an appropriate factor loading to predict the main dimensions of the security-oriented leadership measurement tool.
The qualitative section consisted of two stages: the first stage (observation and document analysis): given the novelty of the subject under study and the need for foundational documents in the investigated field to identify valid and relevant documents related to the research objective that have been written by top authors and authors with a high H-index in this field, as well as documents published by the most prestigious journals in this field, data obtained from the Scopus citation database were used.
The statistical population of this section consisted of all scientific productions in the field of attachment and security-oriented leadership indexed in the Scopus citation database in the time interval from 1958 to 2016, and the sampling method was purposeful, meaning that only documents were selected as samples in which at least one of the research key terms was used.
The transcripts of the interviews were regularly reviewed to find the main categories and subcategories, and as a result, the dimensions of security-oriented leadership were determined based on the analysis of data obtained from documents and interviews with experts and educational specialists were explained.
Fit indices of the higher-order factor analysis (Refer to the page image) In the confirmatory factor analysis (Diagram 1), the results showed that the three main dimensions and their components, based on the goodness-of-fit indices in Table (10) and also the factor loading value obtained from each criterion, possess desirable fit indices, and the three main dimensions and their factors have the ability to explain the security-oriented leadership variable.
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