چکیده:
The goal of this article is approaching to a touchable theoretical framework of modern state. The question is that by what kinds of approach the modern state could be studied and investigated. Besides, what are the bases and traits of modern state. In other words by which theoretical traits the modern state could be recognized better. The author, while giving a short introduction of macro views of modern state, knows the Organizational Approach as the most suitable view for defining the state; because it is free from the deficiencies of other approaches. The method used in this study is historical, descriptive, analytical and comparative. This study while referring to the historical development of modern state in the frame of absolutist state by laying on theoretical framework got from the ideas of Weber, Pierson and Morris, emphasis on the fact that modern state should be investigated as a political organization, so by defining its parts, the nature of modern state( basis, function, nature and traits) could be recognized, and the complexities and ambiguities on the way of defining the state could be reduced.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The struggle between kings and barons over the realm of legitimate authority, peasant revolts against the heavy burden of taxation and social ◊ 136 obligations, the expansion of trade and market relations, the flourishing of Renaissance culture along with a renewed interest in classical political thought, technological changes especially military technologies, the consolidation of national monarchies (particularly in England, France, and Spain), religious conflicts and the challenging of universal Catholic claims, and the struggle between church and state all played a role in this process (Held, 1386: 50).
In general, absolute government narrated the formation of a type of state based on the following foundations: the absorption of smaller and weaker political units into larger and stronger political structures; the consolidation of the ability to rule over a unified territorial realm; the establishment of a coherent system of order and law throughout a territory; the implementation of a government with greater unity, continuity, accountability, and efficiency by a single governmental leader; and the formation of a relatively small number of states that were engaged in an endless, competitive, and risky struggle for power (Held, 1386: 51).
In the thought of Machiavelli, Hobbes, and Bodin, the general outlines of the framework of the modern absolute state have been specified, which include: emphasis on territory, a national army, and political unity under the shadow of a powerful ruler.
According to Weber, "the (modern) state is a human social community that (successfully) claims the monopoly of the legitimate use of physical force within a given territory" .
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