چکیده:
Deterrence is a strategy through which a power uses the threat of retaliation to prevent an enemy attack. The idea of deterrence is as old as warfare itself. Considering the military capabilities of both sides, two types of deterrence, symmetric and asymmetric, are debatable. In asymmetric deterrence, the balance of terror will be the basis of equilibrium, and in it, heterogeneous, non-gendered, and different patterns, methods, and hardware are used. The pretext of the existence of weapons of mass destruction in Iraq by America drew a kind of imbalance and a state of asymmetric deterrence between the Iraqi regime and the United States of America. For ten years prior to the attack by America and its allies, Iraq had been facing internal groups and international opposition. From the perspective of experts, the root causes of the Iraq crisis can be categorized into two groups: internal factors and external factors. The conditions that arose after the September 11 incident caused the United States to adopt a policy of unilateralism, threat, and coercion in the international political atmosphere. Two events, namely the collapse of the superpower council and the sudden emergence of hyper-terrorism, showed that deterrence as a strategy no longer had relevance for America, and instead, the 'preemptive warfare doctrine' was adopted as a substitute. The results of this research showed that 12 internal influencing factors had the most impact in this regard, and Saddam's lack of strategic understanding of the behavior of the international community, specifically America and Russia in attacking that country, was the most important factor in the failure of Iraq's military deterrence. The type of research is developmental-applied and its method is descriptive-analytical with a case study approach, and its goal is to investigate the function of the deterrence pattern in America's preemptive war against Iraq in 2003, with an emphasis on Iraq's internal factors.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The country of Iraq is located in the southwest of the continent of Asia, in the West Asia region, and on the northwestern edge of the Persian Gulf The Function of the Deterrence Pattern in America's Preemptive War against Iraq in 2003 (With emphasis on Iraq's internal influencing factors) 1 Mohammad Hossein Afshordi 2 Shahram Noroozani 3 Jalil Charrakh Date of receipt: 2015/02/06 Date of acceptance: 2015/03/31 Abstract Deterrence is a strategy through which a power uses the threat of retaliation to prevent an enemy attack.
Ultimately, based on the studies conducted among various factors influencing the implementation of America's preemptive war against Iraq in 2003 AD; which led to the failure of Saddam's deterrence strategy, in the internal dimension, the following influential factors were enumerated in order of importance: 1- The imposition of extensive and long-term sanctions against Iraq as a result of numerous United Nations Security Council resolutions.
2- Work experience and/or administrative responsibility in relation to Iraq: Less than one year (between one to two years (between two to five years (more than five years) preemptive by the United States against Iraq in 2003 AD; which led to the failure of Iraq's deterrence strategy, In the internal dimension, the following cases have had the most impact according to experts: 1- The inefficiency of the Iraqi Ba'ath government in managing the people and the country of Iraq 2- The valuable geopolitical position of Iraq in the Southwest Asian region and the will of the United States to dominate and rule over it 3- The inability and weakness of the Iraqi army to confront the US aggression and the lack of morale and will to fight 4- The imposition of extensive and long-term sanctions on Iraq as a result of the issuance of multiple United Nations Security Council resolutions.
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