چکیده:
The staff is one of the important mythological and cultural elements that, in addition to its natural and primary functions, has had an extensive presence in various myths and religions. Once a simple tool for performing daily tasks, over time it has found essential and fundamental functions in people's lives and, in subsequent periods, in accordance with the intellectual growth of humanity, has emerged in a symbolic form. The symbolic roles of the staff have transformed in different mythological and religious eras; sometimes, as a result of these transformations, it has severed its apparent connection and link to its own existential philosophy and has manifested in different forms and ways. On the other hand, alongside human material progress, some of the functions of the staff have been transferred to relatively more advanced tools such as spears, bows, swords, and modern weapons. In this article, using an analytical-descriptive method, the presence of the staff and its various forms in mythological and epic eras, in connection with gods, kings, and heroes, along with its reflection in religions, is examined, and the various symbolic roles of the staff and the causes of its gradual changes are explained.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The symbolic roles of the staff have changed throughout different mythological and religious eras; sometimes, as a result of these transformations, it has severed its apparent connection and link with its own existential philosophy and has appeared in a different form and manner.
In this article, using an analytical-descriptive method, the presence of the staff and its various forms in the mythological and epic eras, in connection with gods, kings, and heroes, along with its reflection in religions, has been investigated, and the various symbolic roles of the staff and the causes of its gradual changes have been explained.
James Hall 3 (1383) in The Dictionary of Symbols in Art of East and West, and Jean Chevalier 4 (1383) and Alain Gheerbrant 5 (1388) in the Dictionary of Symbols have presented materials regarding the staff and its types, but in none of the aforementioned sources has the gradual and comprehensive course of this cultural element among different nations and religions been investigated; rather, rarely have some of the functions of the staff in certain regions been mentioned.
Alain Gheerbrant investigation, then we will proceed to the manifestation and gradual changes of the staff in religions and its symbolic applications in connection with gods, kings, and mythological and epic heroes.
" (Chevalier and Graber 1388, Vol. 2: 536) Although the staff has lost many of its mythological and religious functions throughout history, it has acquired new applications that continue to live on symbolically in accordance with modern knowledge and beliefs.
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