چکیده:
Dual oppositions have been proposed as one of the essential components in the critique of contemporary texts; however, its application can also be observed in classical works of the Persian language. In his Masnavi Ilahi-Nama , Attar believes that no meaning in the path of Sufism (Tariqat) is reached without a reciprocal element toward perfection and truth; for this reason, from the beginning to the end of the path, he leaves the seeker wandering in a sea of dual oppositions and considers the way to salvation to be the power of 'transformation' and 'equality' in bringing all oppositions to the source of unity. Most of the oppositions that Attar employs are linked with transformation so that by changing the essence of the opposing elements, they become one with each other or change from positive to negative and vice versa. In this transformative cycle, Attar seeks an evolution that requires deep insight and going beyond the surface of the material world. Therefore, in this article, with an analytical-descriptive approach, it has been attempted—independent of Western interpretations—to explain Attar's monistic thoughts regarding the union of elements in light of dual oppositions through the approach of 'transformation' and 'equality'; this research does not aim to find antonyms or provide a quantitative classification of dual oppositions, but rather seeks the concepts and elements that, beyond apparent contradiction, move in the path of human evolution toward unity and cause human transcendence.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In his Masnavi, the Ilhamnameh, Attar believes that no meaning in the path of the spiritual way (tariqat) reaches perfection and truth without a reciprocal element; for this reason, from the beginning to the end of the spiritual path, he leaves the seeker wandering in a sea of dual oppositions and considers the power of "transformation" and "equality" as the way to liberation in bringing all oppositions to the source of unity.
"Investigating Dual Oppositions in the Haqiqa of Sanai" (1388), by Mohammad Amir Obeydinia and Ali Delayi Milan, "Investigating the Structure of the Opposition of Rostam and Esfandiyar in the Shahnameh based on Louis Strauss's theory of opposition" (1385), by Rouhollah Hosseini and Asadollah Mohammadzadeh, "Dual Oppositions in Folk Tales" (1394), by Maryam Sharif Nasab, "Investigating Dual Oppositions in the Ghazals of Hafez" (1392), by Alireza Nabilu, "A Semiotic Investigation of Opposing Elements in the Imagery of Rumi's Poems," by Zahra Hayati and "Analysis of Oppositions and Lexical Contradictions in Sanai's Poetry" (1392), by Tahereh Chehri, Gholamreza Salmiyan, and Soheil Yari Goldareh.
Research Method The method of investigation in the present article is such that instead of finding verbal oppositions and conducting statistical analysis, opposing concepts and attributes are considered from a mystical perspective and semantic interpretation, so that by emphasizing "transformation" and "equality," Attar's sublime goal, which ends in unity, can be approached.
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