چکیده:
Mohammad Rashid رضا, a Sunni Muslim thinker, is recognized among contemporary thinkers of the Islamic world as a reformist figure. He proposes a consultative government (Shura) by resorting to the verses of Shura to adapt the Islamic Caliphate to democracy and to distance the Caliph from despotism; however, his view in outlining the Shura council is entirely elitist. Due to the obstacles faced in the path of establishing an Islamic Caliphate, Rashid رضا tends toward theorizing for Islamic government in the evolutionary course of his views. The importance of this research lies in its ability to explore various aspects of Shura from the perspective of this thinker, addressing its adaptation to democracy and examining its political consequences. The fundamental question of the present research is what position Mohammad Rashid رضا assigned to the Shura in Islamic government and what its political consequences are. In writing the present article, the interactive method of Stuart Hughes has been used. In this method, there is an essential role between social requirements and contexts and the formation of a specific thought; once a thought takes root, the new thought causes a transformation in society and consequently leads to the emergence of a new order in society.
خلاصه ماشینی:
However, new Sunni thoughts, to which Rashid Rida also belongs, have distanced themselves from those ideas; (ibid: 108) Therefore, in new Sunni theories, in addition to the fact that {وَالَّذِينَ اسْتَجَابُوا لِرَبِّهِمْ وَأَقَامُوا الصَّلَاةَ وَأَمْرُهُمْ شُورَىٰ بَيْنَهُمْ وَمِمَّا رَزَقْنَاهُمْ يُنْفِقُونَ} (شوري/38) {قَالَتْ يَا أَيُّهَا الْمَلَأُ أَفْتُونِي فِي أَمْرِي مَا كُنْتُ قَاطِعَةً أَمْرًا حَتَّىٰ تَشْهَدُونِ * قَالُوا نَحْنُ أُولُو قُوَّةٍ وَأُولُو بَأْسٍ شَدِيدٍ وَالْأَمْرُ إِلَيْكِ فَانْظُرِي مَاذَا تَأْمُرِينَ} (نمل/33-32) they consider Shura to be the source of the ruler's legitimacy and also consider it obligatory and necessary for the ruler to refer to Shura in the administration of society; for example, while considering it necessary for the Islamic ruler to follow the opinion of the majority to ensure the future interests of Muslims, Rashid Rida believes that the general public is less prone to error compared to delegating affairs to an individual or a minority; meaning the danger of delegating affairs to a single person in the matter of governance is very dangerous.
According to him, Ulul-Amr is the same group of Ahl al-Hall wal-Aqd from among the Muslims who have been elected by the people, consisting of: emirs, rulers, scholars, army commanders, and those whom people refer to in times of needs and public interests; and when this group reaches a consensus on a matter and makes a decision, the people accept it and consider obedience to it necessary, provided that those representatives from the people do not oppose the established divine rulings and the Prophetic Sunnah which are subject to consensus, and that what they agree upon is for the benefit of all.
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