چکیده:
In this study، the effects of economic development and urbanization on environmental degradation in Iran were analyzed over the period of 1971- 2012. For this propose، the long and short run relationships between CO2 emission per capita as an environment degradation index and per capita national income، urbanization، energy consumption per capita and trade openness were investigated applying Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach. The empirical results revealed that the relationship between urbanization and CO2 emission per capita is inverted U-shaped and statistically significant. Also، the impact of national income per capita is positive and statistically significant and a 10 percent increase in national income would increase CO2 emission by 8.5 and 7 percent respectively in long and short run. Moreover، a 10 percent increase in energy consumption is linked with 4.5 and 4 percent growth in CO2 emission in long and short run، respectively. Although the impact of trade openness is positive on CO2 emission and statistically significant in short run، there is not significant impact in long run.
خلاصه ماشینی:
To this end, using the Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) approach, the long-term and short-term relationship between carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions, as an indicator of environmental degradation, with per capita national income, urbanization growth, energy consumption, and trade liberalization was tested.
In linking the amount of environmental degradation in the form of greenhouse gas emissions with economic growth and energy consumption, two factors, international trade and urbanization, are also important and have been more extensively studied in recent research.
The results of the study showed that economic development led to an increase in energy consumption and that there is a positive and direct relationship between urbanization growth and greenhouse gas emissions.
(2014) investigated the relationship between economic growth and 1- Lantz and Feng 2 -Soytas 3 -Chebbi 4 -He & Richard 5 -Pao 6- Kareem 7 -Lin 8 -Li 9.
Therefore, given the rapid expansion of the urban society and the dynamic growth of urbanization and its subsequent impact on the production of greenhouse gases as one of the most important factors of air pollution in Iran on one hand, and the varying results of different variables on the emission of environmental pollutants in different countries on the other hand, there is an urgent need to study the relationship between urbanization, economic growth, energy consumption, trade liberalization, and air pollution for long-term policymaking.
The findings of these two tables indicate the existence of an inverted U-shaped relationship between per capita pollution caused by carbon dioxide emissions and urbanization growth, and the coefficients of the urbanization variable and its squared term are statistically significant in both the short and long term.
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