چکیده:
Ethics and its related discourses have always been the focus of scholars and moralists of a society, because by looking at the ethical definition and analysis in every society, the orientation of that society is determined. In Islam, ethics and its discussions have an inseparable link with purification and self-discipline, and its position is also very sublime. Therefore, knowing the ethical views of the greats, who have had numerous followers and travelers in every era, acquires special importance. It has been more than seven centuries since the illustrious name of Saadi has shone in the sky of Iranian literature. Saadi's speech possesses unparalleled beauty and influential power in literature that captivates both the common and the elite; however, Saadi's genius and fame are not only due to the eloquence of his words and the warmth of his speech, but also because his works, specifically Bostan and Golestan, are entirely infused with incomparable ethical points, admonitions, and profound lessons. The purpose of this modest study is to conduct a comparative investigation of famous ethical theories and their influence on the speech and words of Saadi in Bostan, hoping that this small effort will be a lamp in the path of those seeking to know Saadi, understand his ethical thoughts, and choose the path of happiness.
خلاصه ماشینی:
A part of ethical research that is also called applied ethics deals with examining the voluntary actions of humans in terms of goodness or badness, obligation and non-obligation; regardless of what kind of view a specific individual, people, or religion has about them.
Difference between it, applied ethics, and meta-ethics In ethical theory, the ethical components of each society are determined according to the values of that society, and in applied ethics, the rightness or wrongness of governing laws is examined in specific cases, such as the rightness or wrongness of abortion; however, in meta-ethics, it is neither a discussion of components nor a discussion of the rightness or wrongness of human acts and voluntary actions, but rather the subject of meta-ethics is the sentences and propositions used in normative ethics; for this reason, it is called "second-order ethics.
According to this theory, it is ethically good for a person to possess moral virtues such as courage, justice, wisdom, etc.
Another group believes that human conduct is the criterion; according to this theory, a good person is someone whose conduct and behavior conform to rule and law.
However, apart from the discussion of mysticism, which only a few humans attain, in the lives of the general public, rationality and the use of the power of intellect are things of great importance, and Saadi has also taken them into consideration, even stating that many moral vices are eliminated through the use of reason.
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