چکیده:
Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri was born in 1258 or 1259 AH and migrated to Najaf al-Ashraf around 1290 AH. In 1292, he set out for Samarra to benefit from the scientific blessings of Mirza Shirazi's presence, and finally returned to Tehran in 1303 AH. The personality of this great scholar was such that even his opponents have spoken of his goodness. As Nazim al-Islam Kermani writes about him: 'He was the foremost among Islamic scholars and, in terms of spiritual conduct, possessed excellence and high scientific ranks; he was recognized as better than others in terms of knowledge and proficiency in religious sciences, being very perceptive and intelligent, and having no equal among his class in the power of reasoning' (Nazim al-Islam Kermani, The History of the Awakening of Iranians, Vol. 1, p. 504). Other opponents of the Sheikh also write such descriptions of him: (Mehdi Malekzadeh, The History of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution, Vol. 6, p. 1257). One of the important events in the contemporary history of Iran is the Constitutional movement and revolution, about which many works and writings have been produced so far. However, among these, what has always been most discussed is the execution of Sheikh Fazlullah Nouri, one of the top mujtahids of the Constitutional era, which can be boldly claimed to be one of the important and bitter peaks of Iran's contemporary history. A bitter event behind which the conspiracy of foreigners, as well as the power-seeking of some constitutionalists and extreme secularists, was evident, who were incensed by the Sheikh's anti-despotism and anti-colonialism.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Sheikh Fazlullah Nuri was also one of the religious individuals in this delegation; when he saw that the influence of the scholars had canceled such an important contract, he requested the formation and establishment of a Court of Justice or a house of justice so that they could supervise the politics of the country and limit the powers of the Shah and the government, thereby removing it from its despotic state.
When Sheikh Fazlullah Nuri was providing a legal justification for the tyranny of Mohammad Ali Shah under the title of a Sharia-based government (Mashru'eh), the religious leader of the Constitutional movement, Akhund Khorasani, reminded him that although a Sharia-based government is impossible during the Occultation, the only legitimate government is one based on justice, where political power is restricted and limited by law and under the supervision of the people's representatives.
528) The Sheikh's view regarding the social reforms of the Constitution The Sheikh's theories regarding constitutionalism and its social reforms revolve mostly around the axis of the basic law and the freedom of the pen and expression; in connection with the basic law, he says one of its articles in the "Letter of Misguidance" (the Basic Law) is that the individuals of the country are equal in rights.
(
, 
, 
)
