چکیده:
In the ancient world, China, due to the massive volume of its manufactured goods and products, saw the need for exports to the West as inevitable. Among these, the most important territory located in the West of China, which possessed a high level of political and scientific standing as well as agricultural product diversity, was Iran. Therefore, the two countries saw their interests intertwined. Accordingly, the question arises: what was the importance of relations between Iran and China in antiquity, how were they facilitated, and what factors were involved in the prosperity of these relations, particularly the exchange of medical sciences between Iran and China? Additionally, what role did these relations play in the state of medical and pharmaceutical sciences for Iranians and Chinese? In response to these questions, by referring to historical sources and reports and adopting a descriptive-analytical method, we find that many communication routes connected China to Western countries, the most important of which passed through Iranian territory. Iran played an effective role as a communication bridge in receiving Eastern goods and also in sending commercial products from Western countries and Iranian products to the East, especially China, which was located at the end of the important Silk Road. Importantly, the essential and popular goods passing through these communication routes were plants and herbs that had culinary and medicinal uses and possessed such prestige and abundance that some important routes were named after these medicinal and hygienic substances. Furthermore, one of the factors behind the Iranians' attention to the sciences of other nations, especially the medical achievements of the Chinese, was a belief in an ideology formed during the Sassanid era. According to this ideology, it was believed that the sciences of various nations were derived from the sacred Iranian books, the 'Avesta', and this thought led to the tolerance and enthusiasm of Iranians in adopting and adapting Chinese sciences.
خلاصه ماشینی:
(Fang Zhen, 1993) With this introduction, it becomes clear that Iranians and Chinese had relations with each other in ancient times and, due to the favorable geographical position of both parties, the existence of trade routes between the two lands, as well as the cultivation of plants and the presence of rich medicinal products, they engaged in exchanges during certain periods of history.
(Quin, 1997) However, it was from the third century BC that the prestige of the Silk Road doubled, and the Parthians, who originated from the eastern regions of Iran, attached great importance to communications with eastern countries, the most important and largest of which was China, and throughout almost the entire period of Parthian rule, this state and the Roman state competed in the field of trade and taking control of commercial routes, especially the Silk Road3 (Volts, 2013; Quin, 1997) and it was through these extensive relations of the Parthians and the Chinese that from then on we witness the scientific richness and especially the medicinal products of the Iranians, and herbals and 4 medicinal treatises such as the book of Mithridates VI Ponticus appear.
) Based on this, what caused the prosperity of trade between Iran and China and the eagerness of the Chinese and Romans to establish communications and exchange products with Iranians was this strategic characteristic of Iran and the diversity and multiplicity of plants and vegetation of this land; and it was during the Parthian era and the first direct relations of China with Iran in this period that the knowledge of useful Iranian food and medicinal materials and products existed, and the Silk Road experienced double prosperity 8.
(
, 
, 
)
