چکیده:
Symbolism has been formed to express concepts throughout eras and centuries and has taken place in the thoughts and dreams of various races, existing beyond communicative boundaries. A symbol stimulates thought and guides humans toward the expanse of thought without speech. The history of symbols shows that everything can acquire symbolic value, such as manifestations of nature (stones, plants, animals, mountains and valleys, the sun and moon, wind, water, fire) or even abstract forms (numbers, triangle, square, and circle). In fact, the whole world is a potential symbol. With the inclination to create symbols, humans transform objects, shapes, and animals into symbols; through this, they bestow significant psychological importance upon them and express them in their visual art (Layafah, 1352: 364). The lion and the cow are among the animals that have symbolic functions in different cultures. Investigating the origin and type of these symbolic functions will not only be effective in understanding civilizations and cultures more deeply but will also show their common intellectual progression. Accordingly, in the present research, we examine the comparative symbolic functions of the lion and the cow in multiple civilizations and explain their common elements and points of difference from a semiotic perspective.
خلاصه ماشینی:
A Comparative Critical Study of the Symbolic Functions of the Lion and the Cow * Akhtar Paryad PhD Student in Persian Language and Literature Abstract Symbolism has taken shape for the expression of concepts throughout times and centuries, has found a place in the thoughts and visions of different races, and exists beyond communicative boundaries.
The lion and the cow are among the animals that have symbolic functions in different cultures.
Accordingly, in the present research, we undertake a comparative study of the symbolic functions of the lion and the cow in multiple civilizations and clarify their common elements and points of difference from a semiotic perspective.
Among these, the lion and the cow have specific and special symbolic meanings in Iranian culture and in signs and motifs, which we will examine in this research.
3-2-3- The cow in myths and stories Among the oldest texts in which the cow is mentioned is the epic of Gilgamesh, in which the cow is often a symbol of power, whether in metaphor or in a literal sense: The world roared like a wild bull (Sandarz, 1388: 109).
The lion and the cow are among the animals that have symbolic functions in different cultures and have taken on a special appearance in ancient works and even in artistic and literary works and texts.
The lion and the cow have been presented in various forms in the intellectual history of humans and have acquired a symbolic function.
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