چکیده:
The themes depicted in the Shahnameh miniatures are, on one hand, linked to the system of textual signs and, on the other hand, belong to the lineage of visual sign systems. An example of this dual visual-textual system is found in the concept of the divine Farr and its visual themes. In the textual system, the Kayanian Farr represents the legitimacy of the king. In studies conducted regarding Farr, researchers have generally addressed the description of the concept of Farr and how it is applied in the Shahnameh and ancient texts. The emphasis of these works is mostly on the semantic aspect of Farr. In the present research, the authors attempt to approach the investigation of the concept of Farr from a different angle. They search for the concept of Farr among patterns and miniatures to understand how illustrators have depicted this concept. The authors of this essay are searching for the visual symbols of Farr amidst the miniatures of the Shahnameh, rock reliefs, and patterns of standards. To this end, in addition to textual sources, they also utilize miniatures as visual sources. The examination of the miniatures shows that Farr has manifested in the form of three themes: light, bird, and throne. These three themes each have different manifestations, which we will examine in this research. The goal of this essay is to find the symbols of Farr through investigation of visual sources.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Some of these visual symbols have also been introduced and recognized as symbols of Farr in text-oriented research; such as the halo, Homa, crown, and throne, but others have not been mentioned or identified in these studies; such as the sunburst, turban (headband/small turban), lion-throne, and some of the banner motifs.
For example, in literary texts, "turban" has not been introduced as a symbol of Farr, but by referring to visual sources, we find that the glorious king wears a turban on his crown or holds a small turban in his hand.
Keywords Farr, Shahnameh, iconography, visual sources, shamsa, halo of light, crown, turban, Homa, falcon, eagle, throne, lion.
Among the research conducted with a textual approach regarding Farr, one can mention the books "Farr in the Shahnameh" by Aliqoli Etemad Moghaddam, "Divine Farr in the Kingship Rituals of Ancient Iran" by Abolala Soudavar, "Investigation of Farr in the Shahnameh" by Behrouz Servatian, and articles "The Transformation of the Concept of Farr in Sogdian Writings" by Zohreh Zarshenas, "Farr and Farrah in the Shahnameh" by Mohammad Reza Rasadmohasel, and "Cognitive Analysis of the Myth of Farr and its Functions in Ferdowsi's Shahnameh and Iranian Myths" by Farzad Ghaemi.
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