چکیده:
Typology is a branch of linguistics that deals with the study of structural similarities between different languages without considering their history. The emphasis of typological studies is on linguistic universals. Dryer's twenty-four parameters are one of the essential universals in the study of word order. In the present research, emphasizing the issue that typologies will never be definitive, we have addressed identifying the typology of the Biapess Gilaki language and comparing it with the Persian language. Based on this research, it can be said that the Gilaki language possesses sixteen parameters of strong verb-final languages (verb after object) and sixteen parameters of strong verb-medial languages (verb before object). Perhaps Biapess Gilaki can be attributed to the group of strong verb-final languages which, due to free word order in some parameters, is in transition and changing towards the strong verb-medial group. It can be expected that the Gilaki language, like the Persian language, is in this transitional stage for various reasons.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In this way, a kind of hierarchy can be presented in relation to the ease of acquisition and processing of relative clauses: Subject > Direct Object > Indirect Object > Oblique Object Mansouri (1992: 116), in studying the passive in the Persian language based on linguistic typology, reached the conclusion that the passive voice in modern Persian is formed with the auxiliary verb "shodan" (to become), but at the same time, there are other ways of expressing the passive that are noteworthy, and modern Persian, unlike Old and Middle Persian, lacks morphological passivity.
Gholami (1992: 231), by examining typological marking in the Persian language based on Croft's (1989) marking criteria and Greenberg's (1963) marking hierarchy pattern, concluded that the Persian language has a hierarchy similar to Greenberg's marking hierarchy and exhibits itself in three different hierarchical categories: A (Tense: Present tense, Past tense < Future tense) B (Aspect: Perfect aspect < Imperfective aspect C (Person: Third person < First person, Second person.
Among the universals that Greenberg has obtained, 21 cases were related to word order or, to put it in more familiar terms, the sequence of the main constituents of the sentence, and 13 other universals related to inflectional categories (such as tense, aspect, person, number, gender) (ibid: 23).
Dryer's very important article titled "Greenbergian Word Order Correlations" (1112), by adopting Greenberg's typological approach, has discussed the correlation between certain linguistic structures on one hand and the order of the object relative to the verb on the other.
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