چکیده:
Enclitics are grammatical elements that, in terms of grammatical behavior, are considered intermediate between free words and affixes (inflectional); in other words, enclitics resemble words in some respects and affixes in others. Phonologically, enclitics are dependent on the adjacent word, but syntactically, they are considered free. The reason for assuming enclitics are free is the application of syntactic rules to them, much like full words. The reason for the intermediate behavior of enclitics is rooted in their mode of development, as enclitics arise from functional words and then usually turn into inflectional affixes. However, the conversion of enclitics into derivational affixes has also been reported in some languages. In this article, considering the changes in the enclitic pronoun "-sh", we will show that this enclitic, in some applications, has turned into a derivational affix by losing its enclitic properties and its referentiality. In recent applications, the addition of "-sh" has caused category change in the base. In fact, in these cases, "-sh" has moved out of its original grammatical forms. In addition to the conversion of "-sh" into a derivational affix, our evidence indicates the existence of intermediate cases that are the result of marginalization processes.
خلاصه ماشینی:
From Word-Clitic to Derivational Affix Mehrdad Naghzakouy Kohan Associate Professor, Department of Linguistics, Bu-Ali Sina University mnkohan@yahoo.
In the continuation of this discussion, we refer to the marginalization of the pronominal clitic –sh and then mention cases where this clitic, through derivation, has led to the formation of new words.
For example, Regular pronominal clitics referentiality Roberge and Bibis Marginal cliltic fixation Jahanpanah (1380: 25) considers one of the uses of –sh, "in addition to definitization," to be its use "meaning 'even' or 'also'": "Mage mishe?
" By referring to the use of the third-person plural pronoun in "Raftam khune hasan-shun," Vahidian considers the role of the pronominal clitic in the latter example to be definitization.
4. Conclusion In general, the element –sh in modern Persian functions as a "normal clitic," a "marginal clitic," and a "derivational affix.
" The use of this element as a normal clitic is much more frequent than its role as a marginal clitic or a derivational affix.
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