چکیده:
Some phrases and poems from Saadi's Golestan and Bustan, despite their simple appearance, possess types of semantic interweaving that cannot be understood at first glance or by relying on conventional rhetoric. Saadi sometimes creates deep semantic structures by establishing a complex communicative network of words, which in some cases is reinforced by literary devices. Saadi's mastery of the Persian language, his subtlety, awareness of various sciences, extensive travel experiences, and familiarity with different cultures are factors that have contributed to the creation of hidden meanings in his works. More importantly, Saadi's precision and effort to create a didactic and instructive work are evident in both the surface and deep structures of the verses, and sometimes remain hidden even from commentators. In this article, an attempt has been made to re-read and interpret some of Saadi's verses and phrases in which expressive and semantic nuances have remained hidden from the commentators of his speech.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Saadi, educational meaning of verses, commentaries of Golestan and Bustan, verbal nuances, rhetorical skills Introduction Everyone was in their own time I am Saadi, the last of times The main objective of this article is to mention subtleties and points from Saadi's speech that have been selected with particular delicacy and are the result of delving into the surface and deep structures of words.
اعملوا آل داوود شکرًا و قليل من عبادي الشکور" (Yousefi, 1381b: 49) In the commentaries of Golestan, the educational point of this verse is considered to be how one can fulfill the duty of gratitude, and apparently, the meaning of the expressions is clearer than any commentary or exposition, and people have heard and read it time and time again.
- «بخوشــيد سرچــشمه هــاي قــديم نمانــد آب جــز آب چــشم يتــيم » (Yousefi, 1381a: 58) This verse is from the narrative verses related to the drought and famine in Damascus, with the opening: «چنان قحط سـالي شـد انـدر دمـشق کـه يـاران فرامـوش کردنـد عـشق » (Ibid: 58) In the second hemistich of the verse in question, the word "orphan" (yatim) carries a great semantic weight; meaning that in addition to having a heavy emotional burden, it simultaneously performs the function of another verse and has become the cause of conciseness in the verse.
-«نکونـام و صـاحبدل و حـق پرسـت خط عارضش خوشتر از خـط دسـت » (Ibid: 183) In some commentaries of the Bustan, no explanation is provided for this verse, or "khatt-e dast" (handwriting) is expressed as "dastkhat" (handwriting): "the script that is written with the hand" (Yousefi, 1381a: 390); however, the second hemistich has a broader meaning.
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