چکیده:
In this article, after a general review of three time periods of linguistic studies in the Islamic world and introducing prominent figures and their scientific orientation and key achievements in each of these periods, evidence is presented indicating the depth of insight of Muslim scholars into various linguistic issues. Among the key concepts of linguistics that were attended to by Muslim thinkers centuries before they were introduced in modern Western linguistic schools, one can note: 1. Attention to three levels of performance: observational, descriptive, and explanatory 2. Rationalism combined with mentalism in explaining linguistic issues 3. Awareness of the distinction between internal and external language and even the distinction between competence and performance 4. Attention to linguistic diversity and variations 5. A domain-based perception of language 6. Distinction between universal principles and specific linguistic parameters/variables. In this research, specifically, the views and thoughts of two Iranian-origin Muslim thinkers, namely Abu al-Qasim al-Zajjaji (338 AH: 949 AD) and Abu Nasr al-Farabi (339 AH: 950 AD), are examined and their ideas are compared with issues raised in modern linguistics. Delving into the linguistic analyses of these two thinkers shows that some of the ideas and concepts that are among the foundations and fundamental issues of modern linguistics were attended to by these two thinkers centuries ago. The author believes that these evidences, alongside the findings of other Muslim thinkers, can guide us toward the revival and subsequent formulation of an indigenous and efficient linguistic theory for analyzing linguistic issues.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The revival of rational/reason-based thought and philosophy by Chomsky and his mentalism, the proposal of the idea of innate biological linguistic knowledge 6 and Universal Grammar 7 , the proposal of the distinction between competence 8 and performance 9 , and the adoption of a modular approach 10 to language and mind are among the characteristics of generative linguistics, the proposal of which in this science in the mid-twentieth century was considered a kind of revolutionary act.
For example, the book Usul al-Nahw (Ibn Sarraj, 316 AH) was the first work that distinguished the level of principles from the level of causes in linguistic studies and, based on principles called taqasim, provided such a coherent classification of word components that even modern findings such as the predicate phrase 1 and the theory of predication have been mentioned in it.
Furthermore, from Chomsky's views, it can be understood that achieving explanatory efficiency in generative linguistics has primarily been considered through the theory of government and binding in the final decades of the twentieth century (see Dabirmoghaddam 1383: 421-422); this is while al-Zajjaji, in the first half of the third century AH (mid-tenth century AD), had already stepped beyond the level of observation and sought to explain the characteristics of language.
Farabi considered logic and grammar to be two related sciences and based his theory on the origin and evolution of language on this very belief.
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