چکیده:
Shahnameh is considered part of epic literature in terms of poetic classifications, but this work contains many didactic points that would be appropriate if we were to place it within didactic literature. Part of this value of Shahnameh, from a wisdom perspective, is due to the narrative nature of the work. On the other hand, part of our didactic literature consists of proverbs and wisdom, and Shahnameh, due to the didactic function of its proverbs and its didactic values, is one of the unique Persian treasures in this regard. The proverbs and wisdom influenced by and arising from Shahnameh fall into several categories: some arise from the heart of Shahnameh and are the words of Ferdowsi himself; others are recounted in the language of heroes to confirm or clarify their words; and a third category has been created by anonymous storytellers over the centuries in the summation of events after Ferdowsi. This article aims to briefly refer to the first and second types and to deal extensively with the third type: which proverbs arising from Shahnameh often have a didactic function, and Iranians throughout the centuries, as they pass through the creation of Shahnameh, epic, and myth, have expressed their judgments regarding these characters in a general way and within the heart of these proverbs, all of which tells of the strange influence of these stories in their hearts and minds.
خلاصه ماشینی:
For example, among the words of Rostam to Esfandiar are: بــد و نيــک بــر مــا همــي بگــذرد چنـين دانـد آن کـس کـه دارد خـرد ســرانجام بــستر بــود تيــره خــاک بپـــرد روان ســـوي يـــزدان پـــاک همان بـر کـه کـاري همـان بـدروي سـخن هرچـه گـويي همـان بـشنوي (Ibid: 6/232) He thus said to the mother of Esfandiar, کــه نيکــو زد ايــن داســتان هوشــيار اگــر لــب ببنــدي ز بهــر گزنــد نگـــويي زنـــان را بـــود ســـودمند چو خواهي که خواري نياري بـه روي بــه پــيش زنــان راز هرگــز مگــوي (Ibid: 218) Thus Anushirvan said to Qobad, کـه چــون شــاه را ســر بپيچــد ز داد کنـــد چـــرخ منـــشور او را ســـياه ســـتاره نخوانـــد ورا نيـــز شـــاه ســـتم نامـــه عـــزل شـــاهان بـــود چـــو دود دل بـــي گناهـــان بـــود (Ibid: 7/114) Another noteworthy point among this type of Shahnameh proverbs is that Ferdowsi, in many verses of his book, has extracted the wise points of his stories before the audience, such as what he says regarding the instability of life and the inevitability of death, by naming each of the heroes and kings: چو هوشـنگ و طهمـورث و جمـشيد کز ايشان جهـان بـد بـه بـيم و اميـد کــه ديــو و دد و دام فرمــانش بــرد چو روزش سـر آمـد برفـت و بمـرد فريـــدون فـــرخ کـــه او از جهـــان بــدي دور کــرد آشــکار و نهــان ز بــد دســت ضــحاک تــازي ببــست بمـــردي ز چنـــگ زمانـــه نرســـت بميــرد کــسي کــو ز مــادر بــزاد ز خــسرو چــو يــاد آوري تــا قبــاد چو گشتاسب شـاهي کـه ديـن بهـي پــذيرفت و زو تــاره شــد فرهــي بپرداختنـــد ايـــن جهـــان فـــراخ بماندنــد ميــدان و ايــوان و کــاخ (Ferdowsi, 1374: 273/9 and 274) Another group of proverbs and wisdom influenced by the Shahnameh has been created by anonymous people.
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