چکیده:
This study examines the factors affecting knowledge output and its spillovers among selected countries using 1995-2011 data with a spatial econometric approach. The results in the first region, which includes a number of developed countries and developing Asian countries, confirm the influence of knowledge output of countries through the import channel; although R&D expenditures and government size have a positive and significant effect on knowledge production, adequate absorption capacity among all countries in this region is not confirmed due to the insignificance of human development index effects. Similarly, the estimation results in the second region, which includes developing Asian countries and developed European countries, indicate an inability of countries to utilize knowledge, while the impact of R&D expenditures and capital imports on patent rights is positive and significant. The results obtained from the cartography of the two regions indicate a parallel movement of imports and patent rights in all regional countries, but at unequal speeds.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Their results indicate a positive and significant spatial autocorrelation process in innovation; meaning that the knowledge product in the studied region is influenced by spatial spillovers and leads to an increase in innovation activity in other regions, and the most important factor affecting innovation creation is international research and development expenditure.
2-2- Domestic Studies Akbari and Farahmand (2005) conducted a study on the economic convergence of countries and regional spillovers, emphasizing the role of Persian Gulf countries, and using data from the period 1975-1999, they stated the results obtained from the spatial econometrics method for Islamic countries as follows: there is a positive spatial dependence between the growth rates of Islamic countries.
Since the stock of technical knowledge is represented by variables different from capital goods, the creation of designs for new needs in the domestic country can be expressed as follows: (refer to the page image) where δ is a constant productivity parameter, Hn is the amount of human capital employed in the research and development sector, and H is the total amount of human capital, which represents a constant stock of knowledge and skill in the economy ( Hy + Hn = H ).
The results obtained from decomposing direct, indirect, and total effects in the first region indicate that in the direct effects section, the human development index has a negative and insignificant effect on the knowledge product, while the effects of R&D expenditures, government size, and imports of knowledge-intensive industrial goods on patent registration are positive and significant.
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