چکیده:
The issue of environmental crises has gained great importance in scientific circles in recent years because, during these years, the risks and damages of environmental destruction have become more apparent. Most economic research conducted in the field of environmental economics has sought to find a significant relationship between environmental degradation and economic growth (Nasirnia, 2009). Research results have led to the creation of the Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC). The EKC pattern shows an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental degradation and per capita income (economic growth) (Oskouei, 2008). However, many factors such as Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) affect economic growth. An increase in income resulting from FDI can cause environmental crises, including deforestation. This is because countries need public infrastructures, including the development of communication routes and roads, to attract FDI, which leads to the destruction of forests (Kimowitz and Angelsson, 1999). The aim of this article is to examine the shape of the EKC before and after the entry of FDI and the effect of FDI on deforestation in selected MENA region countries during the period 1990-2010. The results show that the shape of the EKC in both cases is an inverted N-shape and FDI causes the destruction of forests in this region.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Keywords: Foreign Direct Investment, Deforestation, Environmental Kuznets Curve, Pollution Haven JEL Classification: F23, Q56, C33 * Assistant Professor, Department of Economics, Shahid Ashrafi Isfahani Higher Education Institute E-mail: Maryam.
Many international organizations, policymakers, and economists consider Foreign Direct Investment an important factor in the economic growth 2 of host countries and a solution to the problems of developing countries (Mencinger, 2003).
1- Biller 2- Lopez & Galinato Shahbaz, Nasreen and Afza 1 (2011), in the article "Environmental Consequences of Economic Growth and Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from Panel Data Analysis," investigate the non-linear relationship between foreign direct investment and environmental degradation using panel data from 110 developed and developing countries.
FDI is a way to improve the economic performance of a country through the transfer effects of advanced technologies introduced by multinational enterprises, and it is a dominant method for increasing the growth rate.
stationarity Table 1: Panel unit root test on the variables (Refer to the page image) Source: Researchers' findings 4-2- Estimation of the environmental Kuznets equation before the entry of FDI In this section, using the simple panel method, the effects of economic growth on deforestation have been examined, and tests related to autocorrelation, heteroscedasticity, and the choice between random and fixed effects have been employed, the results of which are provided in Table (2).
The importance of this subject is due to the effect of growth resulting from FDI on environmental policies and regulations, environmental quality, and also the economic structure of the host country.
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