چکیده:
The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC) shows an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and per capita income. This curve indicates that economic growth degrades the environment at low income levels, but as income increases, the harmful environmental effects decrease. However, the source of a country's economic growth is important for two main reasons: first, it shows how pollution outcomes depend on the source of growth; second, the source of growth shows whether strong policies are necessary to reduce pollution alongside increasing income. Generally, trade and FDI play essential roles in the economic growth and development of countries. The aim of this study is to examine the role of growth sources such as trade and FDI on environmental quality in the regional blocks of selected Persian Gulf countries, the European Union, and North-South countries during the period 1980-2009. Our research results show that in the European Union region, when trade and FDI are growth sources; in the Persian Gulf region, when trade is the growth source; and in the North-South region, when FDI is the growth source, the EKC curve is inverted U-shaped; meaning, per capita pollution increases until it reaches its threshold and then decreases. However, in the Persian Gulf region, when FDI is the growth source, and in the North-South region, when trade is the growth source, the EKC curve is N-shaped.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Our research results show that in the European Union region, when trade and FDI are sources of growth, in the Persian Gulf region, when trade is a source of growth, and in the North-South region, when FDI is a source of growth, the EKC curve is inverted U-shaped; meaning, per capita pollution increases until it reaches its threshold level and then decreases.
In the selected European Union countries, trade and foreign direct investment (both growth factors) have led to an increase in environmental quality, but in the area of Persian Gulf countries, FDI has caused an increase in pollution.
The role of economic growth sources on environmental quality in three different regions * Maryam Asghari ** Batool Rafat *** Elham Afshari Abstract The Environmental Kuznets Curve (EKC)1 shows an inverted U-shaped relationship between environmental pollution and per capita income.
Our research results show that in the European Union region, when trade and FDI are growth sources; in the Persian Gulf region, when trade is the growth source; and in the North-South region, when FDI is the growth source, the EKC curve is inverted U-shaped; meaning, per capita pollution increases until it reaches its threshold and then decreases.
3- Research Background A) Domestic Studies - Pezhavian and Moradhasel (1386), in an article using the panel data method, investigated the effect of economic growth on air pollution within the framework of the Environmental Kuznets Curve hypothesis for 67 countries with different income groups (including Iran).
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