چکیده:
The occurrence of recent revolutions and social movements in North Africa and the Middle East has led to increasing attention from analysts toward these relatively unexpected phenomena, and the occurrence of political challenges against these movements in the last two years has further intensified analytical attention and investigation. In this writing, the authors intend to answer the following questions using a socio-political and historical explanatory methodological approach: What qualitative difference did the Libyan revolution have compared to the revolutions in Egypt and Tunisia? Who were the most important actors in this revolution? And what are the most important political and social challenges of the Libyan revolution at present? In response to these questions, it must be said that the Libyan revolution, due to reasons such as a deep-rooted tribal-clan social structure and the intense dominance of ties related to this social structure over civil ties and the severe weakness of civil institutions, had a different nature than the revolutions in Egypt and Tunisia. In this revolution, tribal and clan actors played a more important role than civil actors. The Libyan revolution, in its process of democracy and extensive and democratic state-building, has faced significant challenges such as: identity crisis resulting from intense tribal conflicts, conflicts between Islamists and the government, the crisis of authority or autocracy, and insecurity resulting from the violence of tribal actors and radical Salafi Islamists.
خلاصه ماشینی:
1. The different sociological nature of the Libyan revolution compared to the Egyptian and Tunisian revolutions In 2011, following the revolutionary protests of the people in Tunisia, the North African region witnessed the beginning of a new era in its political history; a new era whose prominent feature was the fall of previous authoritarian political regimes in Tunisia, Egypt, and Libya, as well as the emergence of significant political, social, and economic challenges on the path to stabilizing / post-authoritarian governments, which in Egypt led to the fall of the Islamist government of Morsi and the possibility of the serious emergence of these challenges in the other two countries due to the influence of Egypt is not unlikely.
This situation is while in Libya, the continuation of the tribal and traditional political power structure and a very slow process of modernization on one hand, and the lack of permission to form opposition parties, the absence of any kind of media freedom and freedom of expression, and the monopoly of political power and government in the hands of Gaddafi, the tribe, and the ruling totalitarian party on the other hand, caused the civil and democratic foundations to become fainter in the Libyan revolution.
Development Bank, 2010: 18) Therefore, the absence of such new social forces and professional and civil institutions caused the non-formation of a democratic public sphere and the dominance of politics and movements / of political antagonism and exclusionary tribalism over Libyan society, and the totalizing policies and controls of the Gaddafi government also worked to prevent movements and competitions Cyrenaica Of Libya, University Of Bayreuth Germany, Paper Presented At: "Libya From Revolution To a State Building: Challenges Of The Transitional Period", Conference.
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