چکیده:
Pakistan is one of the post-colonial states inhabited by various ethnic groups. Since the founding of this country, these ethnic groups have sought independence by emphasizing their specific linguistic, cultural, and ethnic components. The Baloch people are one of these ethnicities that has constantly challenged the security of this country since the separation of Pakistan from India. The main objective of the present article is to examine the history of Baloch nationalism and also the policies of the Pakistani government towards it, with an emphasis on the issue of failed nation-building in this country. Accordingly, this research, while examining the process of nation-building in Pakistan, aims to answer this question: why have the Baloch people always challenged the security of this country in Pakistan? The findings of this research show that failed nation-building has been one of the effective factors in creating divergent tendencies among the Baloch ethnic group in the multi-ethnic country of Pakistan; therefore, the main claim of the research is that Pakistan's weakness and failure in the process of nation-building and its inability to integrate the Baloch people into a unified nation led this ethnic group toward a centrifugal policy and challenged Pakistan's security.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Failed Nation-Building in Pakistan and Ethnic Challenges: A Case Study of the Baloch People Nasser Hadian Hanifeh Rigi Faculty member of the Department of International Relations, University of Tehran nhadian@ut.
A different type of nation-building occurs when national governments take effective steps to reduce the impact of ethnic, religious, or linguistic divides in society; therefore, for political leaders, choosing and adopting appropriate policies in the process of creating a sense of national unity is a very difficult matter, as any choice is highly likely to bring anger and protest from some groups and citizens (Birch, 1989: 40-46).
Accessed at: 2012 Since the process of state-nation building and the formation of political, economic, and security structures in Pakistan was accompanied by authoritarian rule and management based on force by the governments of this country and with reliance on the power and influence of the army, many challenges arose for the state, which are addressed below.
The aforementioned set of factors has caused that despite government actions, state-nation building in Pakistan has not taken place after more than half a century since the founding of this country, and Pakistanis have been unable to reach a consensus regarding the role of various ethnic and religious groups in the country's political structures and institutions / This itself led to the divergence of ethnic groups and the formation of separatist movements in the country, each of which challenged Pakistan's security to form their own specific country.
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