چکیده:
In the philosophy of culture with a critical approach, what is considered important is liberation from the dominance of rationality, which is the result, whether intentional or unintentional, of the Enlightenment era. In the thoughts of the Frankfurt School and Western Marxism, what emerges is an attention to reification and alienation in the present age. According to them, such a space has also permeated the realm of culture and brought its scope under its control. The thoughts of the Western Marxist movement are generally under the influence of the views of Marx and Weber, although traces of Freudian thought are also seen in it. What they emphasize is the effort to escape from the instrumental rationality that Weber pointed out. Such rationality emerged in the process of disenchantment from the 17th century onwards and has now influenced all modern life. The way to escape this predicament is to adopt a critical approach so that, under its shadow, the intended truth can be attained.
خلاصه ماشینی:
The criticisms of these individuals generally refer to the cultural and consumerist spaces of capitalist society, which, in terms of epistemological method, target what confirms the existing situation and in a sense validates this trend and process.
The most significant form of the school members' influence from Marx returns to the concept of culture in his view, based on which the culture of societies has undergone a type of alienation 2.
Felix Weil - Hermann's son - realized this institute and was able, with the capital Cultural Thoughts and Critical Philosophy An Examination and Critique of the Thoughts of Adorno, Horkheimer, and Habermas ∗ Hadi Esmaeili Date of Receipt: 1388/1/23 Date of Approval: 1388/2/12 In the philosophy of culture with a critical approach, what is considered important is liberation from the dominance of rationality, which is the result, whether intended or unintended, of the Enlightenment era.
In order to establish a connection between Kant's first word regarding critique and his own view regarding rationality, Horkheimer attempted to provide another expression for theoretical and practical perception, through which the issue of praxis could also be elevated.
It is on this basis that Horkheimer claims that one cannot hold onto "a rule or principle outside of its historical framework" and that "extra-historical consciousness does not exist," and if such a consciousness were assumed, it would be equivalent to accepting knowledge outside of human consciousness, and this means that humans are forced within the framework of history in such a way that they will only be a passive and affected element, not The natural consequence of such a matter is also the formation of that which they have titled mass culture.
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