Types of Irony in Nizami's Khosrow and Shirin مقاله

خلاصه ماشینی:

In this article, an attempt has been made to examine and analyze the types of metonymy, including allusion, implication, and symbolism, in Hakim Nezami's valuable work "Khosrow and Shirin". Keywords Khosrow and Shirin, Metonymy, Allusion, Implication, Symbolism (*) Faculty member of the Persian Language and Literature Department, Islamic Azad University, Firuzabad Branch. Regarding the importance and the secret of using metonymy in literary expression, a passage from the book "Figures of Imagination in Persian Poetry" is quoted: "... Vol. 1, Tehran: Amir Kabir Publications, second edition, 1373, p. Metonymy in terms of the intermediaries existing between the mukanni bihi and the mukanni 'anhu From the perspective of whether the intermediary between the metonymic and literal meaning is one or more, and also the clarity or obscurity of those intermediaries, metonymy has been considered to have four types: 1- Ta'rid (allusion/reproach) 2- Talwih (hinting) 3- Ramz (symbolism/coding) 4- Ima (gesture/sign) The goal of this article is to examine and analyze the first three types of metonymy, namely ta'rid, talwih, and ramz, in Nizami's Khosrow and Shirin. By examining Nizami's monumental work "Khosrow and Shirin," 21 verses of metonymy of the ta'rid type were found, all of which demonstrate Nizami's abundant genius and unparalleled mastery. However, in Khosrow and Shirin, 12 verses of the allusive metonymy type are used. The late Jalal al-Din Homayi writes in his book 'Ma'ani va Bayan' regarding the cause of creating metaphor, polysemy, and metonymy in words: ...