چکیده:
In Safavid period، some structural and functional aspects of executive offices changed and through it some of them developed in order to reach to more effectiveness in political، economical and social missions، including sheriff’s office that appears before Safavid period. In this period، some structural and functional changes occurred that lead to the transformation of its political and administrative role and social place. The structural and functional model of sheriff’s office that appeared in Safavid period، began to decline and in Qajar’s last period disappeared. In this paper، we study historically this topic according to existing documents and data. The result of this paper shows that in this period، the extension of the functions of this office caused to that title be used for military and administrative officials، and sheriffs undertake different and important roles and functions in executive، juridical and social security areas. In light of executive and social importance and stance of this position، in addition to their original task، sometimes they work as ambassador، consultant، fiscal agent، military missioners and ….
خلاصه ماشینی:
The results of this research show that during this period, due to the expansion of the functions of this position, this title was used for military and administrative officials, and Darughas held various important roles and functions in the fields of executive, judicial, and social security.
However, with the fall of the Safavid government, the importance of the Darugha in Iran's administrative organization gradually decreased, to the point that during the Zand period, under the subordinate of the Kalantar, he performed some of his previous duties (Varharam, 1368: 242); and during the Qajar era, especially after the Constitutional Revolution, his position became unofficial, and his duties were transferred to a police force formed based on Western models and also to the municipality, and his duty regarding tribal groups was transferred to the army (Lambton, 1363: 162).
Darughas had agents to perform their disciplinary and administrative duties, who in the historical texts of the Safavid period are mentioned under various titles such as "gazmeh", "assas", "ahdas", "mirshab", "sultan al-layl", and "na'ib al-darugha" (Mirza Rafi'a, 1385: 250; Mirza Sami'a, .
5. Types of Darugha Positions In many works of the Safavid period, it has been explicitly stated that the Darugha is under the authority of the "Divan Begi" would carry out his role (Mirza Samia, 1378: 48).
Available information suggests that the Darugha of the Office was one of the important administrative and diwan-related positions of the Safavid era, and with the title Moqarrab al-Hadra, he would sit in the Shah's council with a crown and scroll to the left of the Mustawfi's slave (Mirza Rafia, 1385: 247).
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