چکیده:
Reflecting on the states and sayings of the masters and examining the interaction between the purposeful and coherent system of the khanqah and society shows that the purification and education of disciples and the general public based on Sufi values and thoughts has been the main goal and mission of Islamic Sufism. To achieve this goal, great Sufis have always used speech as the most important means of influencing their audience. Given the importance of this subject, this research attempts to express the causes, forms, and reasons for this norm-breaking behavior and explain it based on Roman Jakobson's 'verbal communication process,' relying on the verbal communications of the great 5th-century AH mystic, Abu Sa'id Abul-Khayr. According to the results of this research, Abu Sa'id Abul-Khayr often, when promoting or reminding of moral norms, explaining and confirming his own states or those of others, and meeting the material and spiritual needs of both general and specific audiences, turned to speech using literary language and occasionally employing techniques such as debate and expressing ecstatic (shath) and wondrous words. His linguistic communication propositions, depending on the speaker's situation, the purpose of the speech, and the requirements of the audience and the topic, are based on the elements of the addressee, code, topic, and addresser, respectively. The communicative functions resulting from emphasizing these elements are often a combination of persuasive, metalingual, referential, emotive, and sometimes poetic functions; among these, due to the audience-centered nature of the words, the persuasive function and, due to the coded nature of the propositions and the necessity for the audience to be aware of the background of the verbal propositions, the metalingual function possess greater prominence.
خلاصه ماشینی:
In some cases, they also used parables and anecdotes or performed specific behaviors to indirectly make individuals aware of their mistakes and strive to create change in their behavior and attitude; as Abu al-Mafakhir Yahya Bakharzi in the valuable book "Awrad al-Ahbab wa Fusous al-Adab" has considered the primary goal of preferring speech over silence to be the benefit of creation and their guidance: "In speaking with creation, the aim and intention of the masters of Sufism is advice, guidance, and seeking their salvation, and whatever they say, they should say in such a way that its benefit reaches all creation, and the etiquette of speech is that one should speak to each person according to the measure of their intellect and understanding; the Messenger of Allah (peace and blessings of Allah be upon him) said: اُمِرنا معاشر الانبياء اَن نُكلّمَ النّاسَ علي قدر عُقولهم" (Bakharzi, 1383: 57).
Communicative functions resulting from the use of parable Sometimes Abu Sa'id, in the midst of his speech, employs a tale by way of parable (indirect language) to convey his intention to the audience, so that by utilizing its capacity, he can have a greater impact on guiding, teaching, and admonishing the listener; such as: "One day, in the middle of an assembly, Abu Sa'id said: Ustad Imam will arrive late.
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