چکیده:
Undoubtedly, the meaning of every word is determined within the context of the reality and culture of its time, and its dynamism progresses with the passage of time. This rule of evolution also applies to the word 'Futuwah'; in fact, Futuwah and chivalry are manifestations of moral characteristics that the burning and dry environment of the Arabs has institutionalized in the existence of the desert dwellers. The initial manifestation of this word is reflected in courage; the Arabs praised and held in high regard the brave and courageous individual, and as we have said, this is a requirement of the Arabs' living environment, and the definition and explanation of the meaning of Futuwah take place in view of their environment. The second manifestation is in the attribute of generosity; a generous person holds a high position among the Arabs because the survival of desert dwellers depends more on life during famine and drought. In addition to these two meanings, other meanings were added to this word over time in such a way that it truly became possible to apply the word 'chivalrous' to someone who possessed those characteristics; these characteristics include: patience and endurance, faithfulness to promises, and supporting the weak. Since in the Pre-Islamic era (Jahiliyyah), some individuals were considered symbols and allegories of a word; such as Hatim in generosity and bounty, Al-Samawal in loyalty, Antarah in Futuwah and courage, and Amr ibn Kulthum in protecting the sanctity of the tribe; therefore, in this writing, the attempt has been made to determine the meaning and spirit of the word Futuwah and its external connotation through an analytical look and content examination of the Diwan of Antarah.
خلاصه ماشینی:
Lisan al-Mubin Quarterly (Arabic Literature Research) (Scientific-Research) Year 3, New Series, Number 7, Spring 2012 Analysis and Examination of the Instances of the Word Futuwah{P*P}(in the Diwan of Antarah ibn Shaddad) Dr. Mohammad Dezfouli, Assistant Professor at the University of Tehran Ali Sayyadani, PhD student at the University of Tehran Abstract {IBUndoubtedly, the meaning of every word is determined within the context of the reality and culture of its time, and its dynamism progresses with the passage of time.
Since in the Pre-Islamic era, some individuals were considered symbols and archetypes of a word; such as Hatim in generosity and bounty, Al-Samaw'al in loyalty, Antarah in Futuwah and courage, and Amr ibn Kulthum in protecting the sanctity of the tribe; therefore, in this writing, an attempt has been made to determine the meaning, spirit, and external connotation of the word Futuwah through an analytical look and content examination of the Diwan of Antarah.
" This interpretation of the meaning and concept of the word Futuwah in the above verse is reinforced by the subsequent verses; because Tarafa ibn al-Abd, in explaining the reason for his being a Fata and a chivalrous man, considers helping his people and tribe as a principle and considers hospitality as his constant habit: {Sو لست بحلال التلاع مخافة#و لکن متی یسترفد القوم أرفدS}(Ibid: 32) Translation: "I do not go up the hills and hide out of fear of guests arriving, but whenever the people seek my aid and help, I shall help them.
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