چکیده:
In the 'Republic', Plato, based on epistemological and ontological foundations, has addressed the formulation of a utopia, which can be considered one of the first forms of comprehensive and coherent thought regarding politics. This utopia has long been subject to various interpretations and readings. The present writing aims to examine the distinguishing feature of the utopian category in Plato's thought from other forms of utopian thinking, by reading the utopia of the Republic within the socio-political context of classical Greece on one hand, and its intellectual and philosophical foundations on the other. In light of this reading, it seems that the characteristic of polis-centrism in ancient Greece and philosophical foundations such as Ideas and their relationship with reality, the Idea of the Good, etc., have caused the category of utopia in Plato's view to be distinguished from any kind of subjective idealism, utopian escapism, or millenarianism, while remaining realistic in its ideal form.
خلاصه ماشینی:
(7) In the Republic, where Plato seeks to provide the best life based on philosophical foundations, this same connection with the Polis exists, because essentially, in Plato's view, thought and Sophos 2 cannot be born extracted and severed from the Polis; rather, these two must be considered in a reciprocal and intertwined relationship.
(8) This Polis-centered characteristic of Plato's thought causes Plato's view, from the very beginning in the formulation of the city, to be accompanied by civic requirements, and an essential distinction forms between this way of thinking about politics and those thoughts that attempt to examine how human happiness is achieved without regard to the civic space; therefore, Plato's utopian thought must be understood and interpreted within this Polis-centered context and space.
(30) All the other characteristics and teachings of the utopia of the Republic are also in line with this sovereignty of the philosopher and his knowledge of the ideas and rational forms that, from Plato's perspective, are real.
(31) Conclusion Whether it is Plato's view of the levels of being, reality, the Idea of Good, and the corresponding levels of knowledge, or the various characteristics of his utopia in the Republic, it shows that the category of utopia in Plato's thought, distinct from other forms of idealism, is rooted in the foundations of ontology and epistemology.
Plato himself, by emphasizing this matter, says regarding his utopia: What we have said about the city and the desired political system is not fantasy or delusion, but a practical thought that is accompanied by difficulties, and its realization, as we said, is only possible through the rule of philosophers.
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