چکیده:
This article examines the views of four contemporary Iranian philosophers regarding the origin and pattern of the decadence of political thought in late Iran. Each of these thinkers is considered a representative of an intellectual school: Reza Davari, as an 'identity-thinking' thinker, explains decadence based on the 'crisis of universal Westoxification.' In contrast, Seyed Javad Tabataba'i, as a modernist thinker, presents a theory of decadence based on the 'decline of philosophy and the conditions of the impossibility of thought,' particularly political thought. Abdolkarim Soroush, in his position as a religious modern thinker, makes the decadence of Muslims, rather than just Iran specifically, the subject of his reflection; meanwhile, Aramesh Dostdar, in direct opposition to Soroush, considers the 'historical dominance of religious thought' over the social life of Iranians as the cause of decadence through a radical and Nietzschean critique of the institution of religion. It seems that among these theorists, Tabataba'i offers a more comprehensive narrative of the theory of decadence and places it at the center of his research project. However, the common denominator among all these thinkers is the disregard for the realm of praxis—that is, the social formulation of ideas—and the stagnation of theory within the realm of the mind and the level of abstraction, to the extent that some of the aforementioned views lack the ability to explain even minimal events and trends. What follows is an exploration and evaluation of the logic and mechanism of the four theories. The entire text seeks to answer the question of where the center of density or the driving motor of the impossibility of thought lies. In other words, what are the conditions for creating and extending the nature of thought that have been lost in late Iran? The research method of this article is text interpretation and the assessment of the validity of the interpretation through deep dialogue with experts in political thought—including some of these four thinkers themselves.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"(*) In this way, the present article proceeds to examine the views of four contemporary Iranian philosophers as representatives of four different intellectual schools in explaining the category of decline: Reza Davari, the representative of the "identity thinkers" current (9), and Abdolkarim Soroush, the representative of Soroush also believes that for the philosophers of Islamic civilization, reaching truthful propositions was very easy because: "Our sages and philosophers had as their capital a clever and predatory mind that could catch essences, weave together axioms, and build a metaphysical system; and this essence-thinking and claim of penetrating the essence and truths of things kept us away from new scientific and experimental thinking.
He concludes that the theory of decline, rather than being theorizing in the field of social sciences, is an effort in the realm of thought and especially political thought; (39) therefore, Tabataba'i explains decline within the framework of philosophical concepts and especially political thought, because in his belief: "The history of the land of Iran, from its foundation, is the history of Iranian thought and, in other words, the history of the continuity of action and opinion, in the sense that there is no historical event that is not tied to thought and has not gained new meaning through thought" (37).
" (38) )) Thus, the process of transformations in the field of thought can clarify the factors and backgrounds of the historical decline of Iran, because "as long as the fundamental problem of the modern era of Iranian history, namely the problem of the impossibility of thought, cannot be posed, without any doubt, the status of Iranian culture and civilization will continue its inevitable path of decay and decline, just like in past centuries.
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