چکیده:
Verb is one the important categories and main elements of sentence which is sometimes divided in similar types in Arabic and Persian. One of the main types of verb existed in both languages is passive verb. Although this appellation is apparently common in both languages، it seems passive verbs are completely equivalent in both languages; but since passive verb in the Persian language has been discussed from different aspects compared with Arabic، in this article we are looking for some answers to these questions that if we can find other structures apart from passive structure which are accounted as passive in their meanings? Which kind of relationship is there between grammatical and semantic structures of passive verb in both languages? What are grammatical and semantic differences and similarities of passive verb in Persian and Arabic languages? The results of this survey decreased translation errors of students. We also state this example as a result of this research that، not only there is an auxiliary verb in both languages is investigated as a passive-maker but also، there are some planar verbs in both languages and also voice changes are occurred in addition to inflection changes.
خلاصه ماشینی:
2- That these verbs are intransitive, not passive: Today, a number of linguists (Natel Khanlari, Historical Grammar, 1373:61; Vahedi Langroudi, 81:1377; Rasekh Mohand, 1386:10; Rezaei, 19:1389) believe that such verbs are not passive, although it is mentioned as a lexical process titled "transitivity change.
As observed, in the Arabic language, the meaning of the verb in intransitive and transitive usage is sometimes one meaning and sometimes different meanings; but in Persian, two-way verbs have one meaning in both usages (Taheri 66).
From his words, it can be inferred that these forms (the use of Arabic noun, adjective, or passive participle) and also the third-person plural form are considered active in his view, because they are not based on the original structure of the passive in the Persian language, namely "past stem + ?
5-An ambivalent (two-faced) verb in the Arabic language may convey two different meanings for its intransitive and transitive forms; however, in Persian, both have one common meaning.
"Sometimes the agent of an active verb is not known; but instead of using it with a passive structure, we use it with an active verbal phrase and attribute it to the object: Hossein's bicycle was stolen (it was stolen), dozens of people fall every night (they are killed)" (Ahmadi Givi, 1384:264).
Definition of Active and Passive Verb In the Persian language: The verb is divided into two types, intransitive and transitive, based on the object and complement.
However, Rasek Mohand does not consider such structures to be passive and believes that, for example, in the sentence "They killed Ali," the verb "to kill" has both the semantic roles of agent and undergoer.
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