چکیده:
Futuwwa has been one of the influential factors in the spiritual, political, and social life of the culture and civilization of Iran and the Islamic world. Paying attention to the roots and origins of this important phenomenon in our Islamic civilization helps us to better understand it. Undoubtedly, numerous factors, including certain teachings of Islam and specific historical, social, and spiritual circumstances, have been influential in the formation, evolution, and expansion of Futuwwa; however, the existence of similarities between this phenomenon and the elements, religions, ceremonies, and beliefs remaining from ancient eras of Iran inevitably convinces the researcher that perhaps its roots can be sought in the history of this land. Undoubtedly, like any other social phenomenon, Futuwwa likely has other roots that could be addressed in another article; but in the current writing, by providing five main reasons, we believe that these roots can be sought in the various manifestations of pre-Islamic Iranian civilization.
خلاصه ماشینی:
" The story of Samak-e Yar is a treasure of customs, traditions, and rites, especially in the way and manner of Ayari, which some researchers such as Mehrdad Bahar have said, given the presence of elements such as non-Islamic names throughout the book, the structure of a completely tribal society, the lack of mention of a mosque and the presence of wine drinking in it, marriage with close relatives, swearing by light, fire, and love, and many other evidences, the origin of this work is not Islamic, and it pertains to the pre-Islamic period and likely the Parthian era (Bahar, Mehrdad, "The History of Javanmardi in Ancient Iran," 194).
In texts related to Futuwwa and Javanmardi, whether ancient Persian texts, Futuwwa-namas, treatises of the Javanmardan, or other sources, various groups of chivalrous men in Iran are mentioned, who are called by terms such as al-fityan, akhiyan, ayyaran, shatiran, qalandaran, asnaf, sipahiyan, people of the Zurkhaneh, pahlavanan, etc.
Undoubtedly, numerous factors, including certain teachings of Islam and specific historical, social, and spiritual conditions, have been influential in the formation, evolution, and expansion of Futuwwa; however, the existence of similarities between this phenomenon and the elements, sects, ceremonies, and beliefs remaining from the ancient eras of Iran inevitably convinces the researcher that perhaps its roots can be sought in the history of this land.
(
, 
, 
)
